Vegetarian Diet Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Vegetarian Diet - Term Paper Example Lacto-Ovo vegetarian, on the other hand, is a diet that excludes poultry, meat, and fish, but includes eggs and all dairy products such as milk, butter, yogurt, and cheese. Thirdly, there is Ovo-vegetarian diet, which excludes poultry, meat, fish, and dairy products, and allows poultry products such as eggs. The last type of vegetarian diet is vegan. Vegan diets exclude foods such as eggs, meat, poultry, seafood, and dairy substances as well as all other foods. Most people use the flexitarian type of vegetarian diet, which is also referred to as semi-vegetarian diet. This type of vegetarian diet primarily composes of plant products, although it can contain dairy products, meat, poultry products such as eggs, and seafood such as fish occasionally or sometimes in limited quantities. A healthy vegetarian diet involves serious planning, and of helpful tools to ensure, a healthy diet is food pyramid. A pyramid of vegetarian diet highlights the choices of foods and groups of foods to determine whether certain foods if eaten in the right quantities can be effective. According to most scientific researchers, vegetarian diets seem to contain lower effects of obesity, heart diseases, cancer diseases, and other killer diseases, which are caused by the foods we take (89). This is evidence that vegetarian diets are more healthful than other types of diets. However, for one to ensure that the type of vegetarian diet he or she takes are healthful as well as being nutritionally sound, it is good to plan carefully.

Textin while driving Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Textin while driving - Research Paper Example The most important body parts that are involved in driving are the hands, legs, and eyes. When texting, a person is also using hands and eyes for maximum attention. When driving and texting are mixed, it implies that the concentration of the driver is on one thing. In most cases, it is usually on texting, considering the need to respond or convey a particular message. Driving while texting is a traffic offense, punishable by the law. It is, in fact, a form of attempted murder considering the dangers and risks that the person is exposing other passengers and pedestrians into. Various cases of accidents have been reported due to the negligence of the driver as they were texting. Apart from the loss of concentration, in the process of browsing and replying to text messages, a driver is likely to be exposed to some news that may ultimately take away their attention and even make them unable to drive (Klauer 56). Texting is sometimes considered a harmless activity for drivers especially when they have to reply to an important message. They feel it will only take a few seconds of their time, and they will; be done with it. However, within those few seconds on a busy road, the driver is likely to lose control or not notice a pedestrian crossing or an oncoming vehicle. It is understood that drivers also need to communicate and get in touch while they are driving, yet doing it while in the action of driving is risky. Instead, drivers are advised to pull off the road and carry on with the necessary communication instead of risking the lives of other commuters. In most cases, passengers watch driver’s texting as they drive without raising their voices and hence contributing to the risks and dangers they are being exposed to. Even though it is the driver involved in the risky affair of texting, once an accident happens, it will not just be for the driver but also other commuters. Passengers

Quality Control

Quality Control DEFFINITION: Quality control is defined as the set of procedures intended to ensure that performed service or manufactured product sticks to a set of quality criteria or meets the requirements of the client. Quality control of a project is to determine the quality required for the products of the particular project.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quality targets should meet all the basic requirements defined by the authorities of the project. Project management body of knowledge(PMBOK) approaches: Standards organisations for quality management system: ISO 9000 series ISO 9001:2008 rules Six sigma Ishikawa Crosby ISO 9001:2008 rules:- It is a set of procedures that cover all key processes in the business. Checking outputs for defects and correction where necessary Regularly checking quality system for effectiveness. Roles and responsibilities of quality manager: Roles of quality manager: You must be act as an objective observer even when you are looking at the subjective issues. When you ask questions you have to take a step backwards from answers. So that all you looking for data-whether numbers, reports and it may be observations. This combined data will lead you to what you need to know. Quality is not a finger pointing exercise for you or your employees. It is an honesty and open method to get the solutions at the objective observation. First of all look quality within your area before taking on to the world. Responsibilities of quality manager: Assist the preparation of the Quality Plan for each projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Assign different roles to product managers and related stakeholders in the development of test procedures or whatever is needed to complete the preparation of Quality Control procedures.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Make sure that the stakeholders requirements from all products and services are well documented and prepared against the final products or services.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Install some updates to the Quality Plan to check problems at handà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide feedback to the project manager on a regular basis or on demandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Conduct some additional audits or Quality Control reviews by demand of the project manager.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Assist various stakeholders in the process of improving production processes, QC processes or any other aspects of the ICT resources that need improvement.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Relation between process group and quality management process: Quality management has three kinds of processes Quality planning process Quality assurance process Quality control process 1. Quality planning: It serves which quality standards are relevant to the project and how to satisfy those standards .applying those quality standards in to project design is a key part of quality planning. quality plan should not be very long or expensive to produce them. It serves as plan and communication tool in the project. Inputs to quality planning: Scope statement which describes the vision of project. Organisational project assets which gives the lessons learned from the previous project Database which contains policies and procedures. Tools and techniques used in quality plan: Common sense is main tool when you decide the quality. Cost of quality is one of them. Quality objectives: It is a Systematic reflection and evaluation during different phases. Sets quality goals in the available time plan. Observing the priority areas which are necessary in the project. identifies strengths and potentials for improvement. Gives the measurements for the development of project. Outputs to quality management: There should be a list which describes tools and techniques used. A clean view which explains how do we measure quality. List of names who will review the quality. Check list gives feed back from all the viewers. Check list of quality  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Attachments Quality control management Document identification: scope plan Resource plan Schedule Budget Benchmarks Verification Testing Time estimate criteria Cost estimate criteria Technical procedures Technical policies Communications ISO standards PMI standards Customer satisfaction criteria 2. Quality assurance: It is the application of systematic, planned approach to make sure that the project will employ all processes to meet requirements of the project. Quality assurance activities performed by quality manager: Skilled staff: should have knowledge, skills, experience required to keep the project on track. Peer Reviews: peer reviewers discuss about the quality issues found and actions that have to be followed in order to correct the quality issues. Use of templates: provides guidance to the project team members. Checklists: gives quality requirements are fulfilled or not. Gives feed back from all the viewers. 3. Quality control process: It contains monitoring results to see whether they comply with the relevant quality standards. It finds ways to deletes the unsatisfactory results from the project. Control ensures that whatever is delivered to the customer meets the expectations of the projects. Quality control includes the measuring, checking, and auditing of the tasks of the project. Targets of quality management: They should be: Accepted by all the existed participants, Measurable by quantitative parameters, Realistic, should be on track with the available resources Specific, qualitative statements.

Roosevelt and the Great Depression Essay -- History Politics Historica

Roosevelt and the Great Depression The Great Depression of the 1930’s was a great blow to America especially after the seeming prosperity of the twenties. The depression was a result not of false prosperity in the twenties, although the distribution of wealth was very uneven the affluence was very real, but rather from a lack of economic and political maturity to address the problems either before 1929 or as a cure post 1929. The Great Depression is often seen as a result of the twenties when rather it was a failure of the thirties. If the necessary policies had been drawn up in the twenties there would have been widespread hatred for these policies by the wealthy ruling class. This would have made them impossible to implement. It is only during the depression that they became a remote political possibility. Since most of these measures were never tried by either Hoover or Roosevelt we can only speculate as to the level of political acceptance such measures would have encountered. Roosevelt's main measure in combating the Great Depression was the implementation of the New Deal. When Roosevelt excepted the presidential nomination he said â€Å"I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people†. The New Deal, which was never clearly defined, became the label for the measures undertaken to combat the depression. This New Deal sparked off one of the most concentrated bursts of legislation in American history. In 1933 Roosevelt took up office in the face of an economic crisis. Massive unemployment had swept the country and a banking sector in crisis. â€Å"The New Deal was already in the oven, only half-baked, but it had to be served quickly† it was perhaps for this reason that the barrage of legislation lacked a cohe... ... reversing the policy of fiscal conservatism into one of increased defence spending which brought a boom to many industries. Many of the gains of Roosevelt’s actions are in the long term. Even though many of his government agencies ceased to exist some key reforms were made, especially with regard welfare and the banking sector. The New Deal, though of dubious economic value, set in motion long-range trends toward governmental expansion and modernisation. Works Cited: Burns, J.M. 1956, Roosevelt the Lion and the Fox 1882-1940: Volume One, Harcourt, Brace & World, New York Conkin, P.H. 1968, The New Deal, Routledge American History, London. Graham, O.L. 1967, An Encore for Reform: The Old Progressives and The New Deal, Oxford University Press, New York. Hill, C.P. & Fell, G.H. (eds), 1975, Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, Edward Arnold, London

Lyndon B. Johnson and Literacy Tests Essay

Over the last fifty years, a lot has changed when it comes voting and racial discrimination. The marches from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama have changed our history as a whole, forever. The intentions of the three marches were for African Americans to have the right to vote just like the white men. There were three different attempts for the marches from Selma to Montgomery: March 7, March 9, and March 21, 1965. The attempts to gain their voting rights came at a price they were beaten, clubbed, murdered, trampled upon and all kinds of things by the police during these marches. At least Even though the Civil Rights Act of 1964 had just been passed only a couple months before, African Americans were still being discriminated at the polls. They were not allowed to vote and if they were allowed to register than they were given literacy tests, which majority of them failed. Unlike during 1965 when the marches took place, African Americans did not have the right to vote, they were segregate d, discriminated upon, etc. Martin Luther King, the spokesperson or leader for the people during marches, wanted to march in a nonviolent manner to show the police and everyone else that they were not animals and they would not give up until they were given the rights that they deserve. The result of these marches came when President Lyndon Johnson address Congress involving the matter asking for legislation that would prohibit the polls in using barriers to prevent African Americans from voting. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed that August 1965. This piece of legislation basically states that the government can’t discriminate during the voting process based on race and also prohibits the use of literacy tests as a requirement to vote because most black people during this time could neither read or write. Also under this act the United States attorney general had to challenge the use of poll taxes for local and state elections. Things in this, the twenty-first century, are much better than they were during Selma marches because there is a lot less racism and discrimination towards African Americans. African Americans have the same rights as white men, as do women, as written in the Bill of Rights. If Selma would have never occurred, or occurred in a violent manner rather than the nonviolent way it was, Africans Americans might not have the right to vote to this day, or worse. Also, without out the success of the Selma to Montgomery we would more than likely not have as many African Americans in political office as we do today. Times are so much better now than they were fifty years ago because African Americans now have 100% freedom and all of their rights. African Americans, as well as women, get to vote without having to worry about being discriminated against, as well as tested. Selma created leeway for a greater number of African Americans to become involved in political affairs at local, state, and national levels. Selma affected our political system a lot and without it we more than likely wouldn’t have some of the people we do in major positions in the government, such as President Obama.

Business Past Paper Essay

E of the following topics and write it in the space provided. (i) ‘The changing role of women in the family’ (ii) ‘The involvement of young people in organized sports’ Topic:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1. (a) State TWO reasons why a researcher would research the topic which you have stated above. (2 marks) (b) Suggest ONE objective on which a researcher may focus in doing a study on the topic you chose. (2 marks) (c) Based on the objective you suggested in 1 (b), write ONE research question. (2 marks) (d) State ONE appropriate method that may be used to collect data on the topic you chose. (1 mark) (e) Outline why a researcher should use the method you stated in 1 (d) above. (2 marks) Total 9 marks 2. (a) For the topic you have chosen, suggest TWO variables which a researcher may investigate. (2 marks) (b) Identify TWO groups from which a researcher may select a sample to get information on the topic you chose. (2 marks) (c) State ONE method of choosing a sample from ONE of the groups you identified in 2 (b) above. (1 mark) (d) Briefly describe the method you suggested in 2 (c). (2 marks) Total 7 marks 3. (a) Suggest TWO ways to display the data that may be collected on the topic you choose. (2 marks) (b) Explain briefly why the data should be displayed in the ways you suggested in 3 (a). (2 marks) (c) Name TWO statistical measures that a researcher may use to determine how numerical data, such as scores obtained in a study, are related. (2 marks) Total 6 marks Use the information in the passage below to answer questions 4 and 5. ALCOHOL AND FAMILY LIFE In a recent study done on the effects of alcohol on family life, the heads of fifty (50) low income households responded. The following information was obtained and analyzed. 30% of the respondents stated that alcohol consumption deprives some families from satisfying their basic needs, 60% indicated that it is a cause for domestic violence in the home while 10% claimed that it prevented family members from enjoying planned leisure activities. These findings have caused concern for many community groups. Leaders of these groups have indicated their desire to find some solutions to these concerns from the local authorities in their communities. 4. (a) (i) Display the findings obtained in this survey in a pie-graph in the space provided below. (4 marks) (ii) Write ONE statement about the data you displayed in the pie-graph. (2 marks) (b) State ONE characteristic of the sample used in this survey. (1 mark) (c) Name ONE research method that the researcher may have used to collect information. (1 mark) (d) Write ONE question that may be included in the research method you named in 4 (c). (1 mark) Total 9 marks 5. (a) Based on the data provided in the survey, write ONE research question. (2 marks) (b) Based on the findings you displayed in 4 (a) (i), suggest ONE recommendation that may be helpful to the community leaders. (1 mark) (c) State ONE change you would make if you were asked to conduct the study. (1 mark) Total 4 marks

Speech Outline Why Winter Is Better Than Summer Essays

Speech Outline Why Winter Is Better Than Summer Essays Speech Outline Why Winter Is Better Than Summer Paper Speech Outline Why Winter Is Better Than Summer Paper Topic: Winter is better than summer Specific Purpose: To persuade that winter time is better for health and it`s fun as well. Central Idea: Many people hate winter time and can`t wait for summer, but they don`t realize all good things that winter offers. Organization pattern: Monroe Motivation sequence I. Arouse Attention A. Who likes to sweat every time you go outside and take a shower three times a day to get rid of the sweat smell and refresh body? B. According to article Emergency Heat Wave Advice every year 175-200 people in the U. S die from the heat. C. Today I want to persuasive audience that winter is better than summer. II. Demonstrate the Need A. In summer time there are many mosquitoes which can spread diseases. 1. According to article Mosquitoes and Disease â€Å"Even today, mosquitoes transmitting malaria kill 2 million to 3 million people and infect another 200 million or more every year. 2. Tens of millions more are killed and debilitated by a host of other mosquito-borne diseases, including filariasis, yellow fever, dengue and encephalitis† B. According to Dr. Maoshing â€Å"the winter is a time to come back to quietness and rebuild your energy reserves. † C. Too hot to sleep at night. 1. A lot of people can`t sleep because of the heat and it might cause health problems. 2. People sleep better in cold room and in summer time it`s mean bigger bills to use they AS system more. III. Satisfy the Need A. Winter is better for health than summer. 1. People are not in danger for heat exhaustion and dehydration. 2. People can`t get sunburn, that`s mean lower risk to get skin cancer. . Mosquitoes sleep in the winter time B. Winter brings snow 1. People can go skiing and snowboarding 2. People can have snow fights and make snow mans. 3. People can walk on the freeze water and go ice fishing C. Winter means Christmas and as well it means presents and cookies. The Christmas season, whether you are atheist or not, is the warmest, most peaceful time of the year. IV. Visualize the Result A. Each season time has it`s own advantage, but winter has more possible activities. 1. In the summer people can swim 2. In the winter time people can skate, ice fishing, jump in after sauna to make lover body temperature. B. Temperature: 1. In the summer time its hot and humid, usually if it`s too high temperature and it`s hard to breath as well. A lot of oil gases 2. In the winter time temperature is low and air is more fresh and clean. V. Call to Action A. In conclusion, winter brings so much positive emotions and things. 1. Making snow mans and playing with snow 3. Skiing and snowboarding 4. Ice fishing 5. And enjoy the beautiful nature B. Also, people health is not in as big danger than in the summer. C. It`s time when family come together to celebrate Christmas and New Years eve. D. Hopefully I persuasive some of you that winter is the really nice season and that it`s better than summer. Emergency Heat Wave Advice. Emergency Preparedness Disasters, Plans, and Survival. Web. 23 Apr. 2011. . Mosquitoes and Disease. Illinois Department of Public Health Home Page. Web. 23 Apr. 2011. . Ni, Dr. Maoshing. 5 Secrets to Winter Health and Energy. Yahoo! Health. Web. 23 Apr. 2011. .

Flat Tax Rate essays

Flat Tax Rate essays Implementing a flat rate tax would greatly improve the economy in the United States. A flat tax rate would increase savings, discretionary spending, and prosperous investments largely by reducing marginal tax rates and simplifying compliance costs. In addition, any negative impact on lower income Americans would be balanced by the increased gains in efficiency from the flat tax rate. Taken together, these arguments suggest that a flat tax rate would be hugely beneficial to the American economy. Perhaps one of the most important steps in understanding the economic benefits of a flat rate tax is in creating a solid working definition of such a tax. Intuitively, a flat rate tax can be defined simply as a tax that is proportionally applied on total income. For example, a 10 percent flat rate tax would be $5,000 for a person who earns $50,000. Similarly the flat tax rate of 10 percent would be $2,000 for an individual who earns a mere $20,000 per year. Browning rate income tax has two important and defining characteristics. They note, " first, the tax base is a comprehensive measure of income with no preferential treatment given to specific sources or uses of in come, and second, a single tax rate is applied to that base" (629). While the definition of a flat rate tax seems simple, the actual flat taxes that have been proposed in the United States are usually modified forms, and as such are not "true" flat taxes. They use a more restrictive definition of taxable income than the true definition of a flat tax, and they also often apply some small graduated tax rates to the income base. Browning complex, more inefficient, and more horizontally inequitable than a true Historically, federal income tax in the United States has been a graduated system of taxat...

The Lost Art of Effective Procrastination

The Lost Art of Effective Procrastination Amending My Ways A couple of weeks ago, my assistant Jeanne requested that I stop sending her the copy for my blog articles on Sunday night or sometime on Monday, when I need her to publish it on Monday night. I’ve been writing my blogs on Sundays for 5 years, which worked fine when I was the one posting and distributing them. But now that another person’s schedule is at issue, I need to change my ways. This Friday, in an attempt to please Jeanne,  I squeezed  in my  blog in  the last minutes before heading  off to Breitenbush Hot Springs (near Portland, OR), where I had no  internet access (gasp) for 24 hours. Yup.  I left blog writing  to the last minute. I don’t procrastinate about a lot of work-related projects. In fact, I tend to err on the side of doing things right away so I don’t have to worry about them later! But in the case of my blog, I did so revel in a weekend of not knowing what I’d write about and being (mostly) at peace with that as Sunday night approached. So far, I have always thought of something to write about before deadline. I see the advantage of moving my deadline to Friday: I now don’t have the nagging thought, â€Å"I have to write my blog,† on my brain all weekend. But an early deadline has its challenges too. I have one more thing to fit into my work week, and pressure to think of something in what seems like less time. Procrastination Defined Procrastination, says Wikipedia, is â€Å"the practice of carrying out less urgent tasks in preference to more urgent ones, or doing more pleasurable things in place of less pleasurable ones, and thus putting off impending tasks to a later time, sometimes to the ‘last minute’ before a deadline.† This form of procrastination can be destructive. People can get fired because they put important projects off until the last minute, often compromising quality- or missing deadlines altogether. But what about procrastinating on making decisions (and I don’t mean using the excuse â€Å"I’m still deciding the best way to proceed† to avoid starting a project!)? Whose Decision is it Anyway? As I shared in last week’s newsletter, I recently thought for too long about whether to sign up for coveted Forrest Yoga classes with the founder of the discipline, Ana Forrest, who was visiting Chicago. I noticed, while blithely  putting off  this decision, that there was something appealing about letting others make decisions for me. In this case, by the time I decided on purchasing the tickets, they were gone. I was forced to come up with Plan B, which was, ultimately, okay with me. My decision-making procrastination transferred to the decision of whether to fly to Portland for a week to check out the yoga scene there and to explore the area. I looked for friends to stay with before buying the ticket; that didn’t work. I almost let that make my decision for me, but persevered, finding an Airbnb spot that was perfectly situated. Then I decided if I couldn’t get my ticket for less than 50,000 miles I wouldn’t go. But the ticket stayed within my budget. So finally I booked my room and a rental car and hit â€Å"Purchase† on my plane ticket. Immediately fear set in. What was I doing? Why was I going to new city by myself with no real plan? Maybe I’d have a horrible time. Oh my, no wonder I took so long to make this decision. There was terror behind my procrastination. Putting the Pro in Procrastination I did not let my fear stop me, and by the first day I was enjoying a beautiful hike by some waterfalls and eating a delicious crepe at the Portland Farmer’s Market. I met two business contacts for very fruitful coffees and lunches (those I did plan a little bit ahead). But pretty much everything I did on my trip I decided to do at the last minute. Breitenbush Hot Springs is notoriously full at this time of year, but I called Thursday and got the last bed  available for the next night! I also managed to get an appointment with a bodyworker in Portland  10 minutes after I called to ask about availability. As a traveler, there’s not much difference between procrastination and spontaneity. Last-minute choices allow for a sense of adventure, which I truly enjoy when I’m on â€Å"vacation.† I ended up doing many things I would not have predicted because I did not plan ahead for every moment in Portland. To be sure, deciding things at the last minute requires a willingness to accept the consequences if things don’t work out as planned. I don’t recommend this tactic when other people (like your assistant) are depending on you, or when the consequences of letting circumstances make decisions for you are unacceptable. But when all that’s on the line is exactly what you’ll be doing for fun and adventure, why not go with the flow?

NexGen (New air traffic control system) Research Paper

NexGen (New air traffic control system) - Research Paper Example y to fly closer together, take more straightforward courses and keep away from delays brought about via air terminal "stacking" as planes holdup for an open runway. To execute this Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) will embrace a boundless change of the whole United States air transportation framework. This conversion has the point of decreasing gridlock, both in the sky and at the air terminals. In 2003, the United States’ Congress formed the Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO) to arrange and direction the advancement of the framework. However, the main aim of this paper is to examine the current ATC system and the issues requiring the upgrade to NexGen (Next Generation Air Transportation System). As a manager, the Issue is flight and air terminal deferrals cost business voyagers time and cash, and bring about lost business opportunities and postponed meetings. Business voyagers endorse NexGen to reduce the number of flight postponements and keep the air transportation safe. Confronting intense tenacity to diminish the government debt and budget deficiencies, the Administration and Congress will make troublesome project funding cuts. Similarly, agencies will abide by the necessities focused around restricted financing. Full NexGen funding is vital and ought not to be decreased (General Dynamics Awarded FAA SE2020 Systems Engineering Contract to Support NextGen Modernization, 2010). In view of 1940s period radar, the countrys Air Traffic Control (ATC) framework is slow and inefficient. In the next few years, more travelers and aircrafts will stream an effectively over-burden framework. With close to 720 million travelers in 2011, FAA ventures a billion travelers by 2024, expanding chokepoints and flight delays in as of now intensely congested airspace. Without proceeding with modernization, the system will bare gridlock in extreme climate conditions and business voyagers will have costly flights. Moreover, Ten years into the project, new

Managed care organizations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managed care organizations - Research Paper Example According to the official Aenta, Inc. website, the company provides care by providing health insurance for consumers which pays for doctor’s visits, medication, and other procedures (Aenta Inc). Aetna, Inc provides specific plans for individuals and families (Aenta Inc). They also provide special plans for employers to offer their employees. The cost of each plan depends on a variety of factors including pre-existing health conditions, deductibles, and locations. In looking at this particular plan, it does not appear to be as big of a company as other managed care organizations, so I might be less apt to trust it. As a patient, I would choose the individual plan and ensure that my coverage included prescriptions and hospital stays as these would be particularly important to me. Humana Inc, Humana Inc is another managed care organization that offers health insurance coverage to its consumers. As one of the better known health insurance companies, Humana Inc has an extensive are a of health care plans for consumers such as Medicare, individual, dental, vision, veteran, and insurance through employers (Humana Inc).

African American Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

African American - Assignment Example With freedom came a chance for willing African Americans to access education thereby advancing self-development and consequently the entire society. Unlike during slavery, women gender discrimination and harassment decreased significantly albeit not completely. For the first time, African Americans were allowed to work in different sectors although unlike earlier they were supposed to receive payments for their work. Moreover, General William Sherman allocated free land to the African Americans under the â€Å"special field order # 15†. Freedom of movement meant that African Americans could work in places of their liking and participate in other important activities that were not necessarily within their localities. However, transitioning from slavery to freedom was aided greatly by the Freedman’s Bureau, thirteenth amendment, and fourteenth amendment. Freedman Bureau assisted African Americans in activities such as negotiating contracts with white people, settling disputes between whites and blacks, and ensuring access to food, land, education, and medical services. The thirteenth amendment was passed in 1865 with ascent of President Abraham Lincoln into power. The fourteenth amendment allowed African Americans to receive American citizenship. However, there were also some negatives effects of ending slavery such as loss of land by some of the white people. For instance, in the Southern Carolina white men who had fled during the civil war could not get back their land from the African Americans on returning after the war. Additionally, ending slavery led to hostility towards white men from some of the African American. Nevertheless, the end of slavery ushered in a new era of freedom for African Americans and the entire American community as

Colonization of african americans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Colonization of african americans - Essay Example I used to have an older brother, but we got separated when he got sold off to a different family. I hope he is well, wherever he is. I haven't seen him in 10 years. When we first came here to Georgia, we were scared because we didn't know what kind of family we'll serve, or if we will yet again be separated. As my Ma and Pa anticipated our expulsion from the South Carolina rice plantation we called home since before I was born (they were just too many of us slaves than they can handle), I can hear them praying for a better owner—people who will not whip us when we make mistakes or if they think we're being lazy. I remember playing inside the trunk of a big old tree far from the rice plantation, but being careful so that no white people can see me. The clay house we share with another family is hot in the summer, and being a young boy, I want to go out and play. But if they see me, there'd be big trouble for sure. So I found myself a hiding place in a tree. Ma always told me ac tions have consequences, and if I'm not careful, then she couldn't shield me from the eyes of our owner. Consequences means whipping and no food rations—especially if we caught our master's attention when he was drunk. That's asking for big trouble. The fusion of bad disposition alcohol would mean at least 10 whips. So, Ma and Pa were both happy and scared we were about to be resold or "imported" as they call it—happy to be leaving our cruel master, but scared to be sold to a more cruel owner. While we were being auctioned off in cuffs, after my brother was bought by a different man, the three of us gave an inaudible sigh of relief when we were purchased by one man. He looks stern but fair, although we dared not look into his eyes, afraid he might think we're insolent and get off on a bad start. It turns out he was a general who just invested in a small cotton plantation and only needs more than a dozen hands to work the fields for starters. Our new home in Georgia was more livable. We were given our own hut and it even had a small fireplace! Although we miss our fellow slaves we left behind or were sold to others—especially my brother—life was starting to look good. Our assimilation into the Georgia life was smooth. The general bought two other families—parents who can still work hard who had sons who were young, but ready to work. Unlike in our old life, we were given enough food to eat and allowed us not to work on Sundays, except during harvest season when we had to work 16 to 18 hours a day. Missus and master treated us like people, where before we were treated almost like animals. As long as we work hard and are honest, we didn't go hungry. They gave us a fair share for our daily cotton weight. Although we were used to having to work with a lot of slaves, here, we became like a close-knit family because slave owners in Georgia are not as many. Most of the people disapproved slavery, and maybe this is why our masters wer e good to us. Because there were so few of us in our community, segregation—although not a law—was apparent. It was like a hidden code. When you see whites on the road, you automatically give way. It's my birthday today, and we celebrate it by making a bonfire and roasting the extra meat given to me for this special day. Before we came here, we never got to celebrate birthdays. Anyway, because it's my birthday, I wonder where I really came from and

A management report on preoperative fasting Essay

A management report on preoperative fasting - Essay Example is why it is essential to consider this process from the different viewpoints, through its limitations and weaknesses on the basis of the clinical practices and state policies. Ethical considerations are to be accounted also. In order to clarify all issues and to define the possible solutions for the existing problems in preoperative fasting, it is necessary to look through the principal notions of the preoperative fasting’ process, the guidelines of the royal college of nursing and other related researches, both supporting and denying the benefits of preoperative fasting. The need in preoperative fasting has become evident with understanding that the risk of pulmonary aspiration during the elective surgery may be significantly decreased or eliminated through the application of the preoperative fasting process. It has become a legal requirement for the clinical practices and medical specialists. On the basis of the official statistics the cases of the pulmonary aspiration are very rare (about 1 in 10,000 patients), while the statistics also shows that the majority of the cases in pulmonary aspiration take place in the emergency situation (traumas, for example) when the gastric emptying is delayed (Scarlett et al, 2002); the same statistics relates to the cases of emergency abdominal surgery, etc. This statistics may become supporting evidence that preoperative fasting is an essential process in making the statistical morbidity in elective surgery minimal. The purpose of the existing fasting guidelines is to minimize the gastric contents before electiv e surgery; however the question here arises: how to avoid the unnecessary thirst and dehydration. This is the principal issue in the present research of preoperative fasting, and this issue needs to be addressed on the state level through the development of the new policies in fasting. being expressed in plain words as ‘nothing by mouth after midnight’. However, the question here is – how it is possible to

Corp case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Corp case study - Essay Example t Darden, Doman & Stafford Associates (DDA) accepted the obligation of a corporation not yet formed and did not hold John Goodman as a responsible individual, as noted in the dissenting opinion (John A. Goodman 7). When it cannot be concluded by evidence that the parties to the contract other than the promoter, looked solely to the corporation and not to the promoter for performance of the contract, the promoter becomes liable for the preincorporation contract made by him. As such decision was passed against Goodman, making him liable under the preincorporation contract (John A. Goodman 3). As Goodman or the promoter in this case alleged that DDS agreed to look solely to the corporation, he will have the burden of proving the agreement. The release of the promoter depends on the intent of the party when the promoter depends on the agreement. However, Goodman’s arguments that the terms â€Å"in formation† in the contract and â€Å"†¦ warranties contained herein shall be construed to have been made between seller and resultant corporation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  were in fact ambiguous as they did not expressly state about the release from personal liability of the promoter (John A. Goodman 5-6). While determining whether the trial court’s decision was correct based on the evidence, the court found that the trial court gave its decision in favor of Goodman based on three considerations, which are: 1) DDS knew the corporation did not exist; 2) The fact that Doman was informed by Goodman about the formation of the corporation; and 3) progress payments were made to the corporation. However, the above considerations are not dispositive in any way of the intent of DDS to hold Goodman personally liable. As such the evidence not being substantial to show the intent to release Goodman from his personal liability, he was held a party to the contract (John A. Goodman 6- 7). The decision concurs with the general rule that a promoter is liable for a preincorporation contract made for the

A management report on preoperative fasting Essay

A management report on preoperative fasting - Essay Example is why it is essential to consider this process from the different viewpoints, through its limitations and weaknesses on the basis of the clinical practices and state policies. Ethical considerations are to be accounted also. In order to clarify all issues and to define the possible solutions for the existing problems in preoperative fasting, it is necessary to look through the principal notions of the preoperative fasting’ process, the guidelines of the royal college of nursing and other related researches, both supporting and denying the benefits of preoperative fasting. The need in preoperative fasting has become evident with understanding that the risk of pulmonary aspiration during the elective surgery may be significantly decreased or eliminated through the application of the preoperative fasting process. It has become a legal requirement for the clinical practices and medical specialists. On the basis of the official statistics the cases of the pulmonary aspiration are very rare (about 1 in 10,000 patients), while the statistics also shows that the majority of the cases in pulmonary aspiration take place in the emergency situation (traumas, for example) when the gastric emptying is delayed (Scarlett et al, 2002); the same statistics relates to the cases of emergency abdominal surgery, etc. This statistics may become supporting evidence that preoperative fasting is an essential process in making the statistical morbidity in elective surgery minimal. The purpose of the existing fasting guidelines is to minimize the gastric contents before electiv e surgery; however the question here arises: how to avoid the unnecessary thirst and dehydration. This is the principal issue in the present research of preoperative fasting, and this issue needs to be addressed on the state level through the development of the new policies in fasting. being expressed in plain words as ‘nothing by mouth after midnight’. However, the question here is – how it is possible to

Continuum of Care Options Matrix Essay Example for Free

Continuum of Care Options Matrix Essay Example: This is a facility that allows clients to live in a residential setting while having personal care services and assistance, usually at all hours. Clients will generally need assistance with such functions as eating, bathing, dressing, toileting, ambulation, or help with medications. Clients living here are unable to function without this assistance. This is a facility that is equipped to care for persons unable to take of themselves, due to age or chronically illness A nursing home will have trained staff on site that will be able to assist the residents with date to date living skills. A Nursing home can be either privately owned or stated owned. Supportive housing programs are design to â€Å"develop housing services that will allow homeless person to live as independently as possible† (2013) Supportive housing programs main goal is to assist the homeless in achieving permanent residency, and increase one income. The programs is required to monitor the progress of the client and theses reports are repost to the department of housing yearly. Home care is a service which allows the elderly or disable person to remain in one home; while receiving little assistance for a medical staff. The home care worker would run errands for the clients or assistance with light housekeeping. The home care worker might even assistance with bath and dressing certain parts of the clients. Assistance living allow a resident to live a nursing home like setting that offers assistance with care and meals. Assistance living also assists the client with bathing and dressing. Assistance living facilities is for elderly and disables people that needs little to no assistance. Continuing retirement communities is a service that allows the elderly to live amongst peers of the same age group without a nursing home / assistance living setting. CRS allow the elderly to live independently in their own rental unit while offer services one can obtain in nursing home or an assistance living facility. Level of Long-Term Care Service (include differences) Example: Assisted living facilities are in the housing level of service. This level of service is more independent than many others, though clients need some type of assistance. A nursing home can be either long or short term depending on the reason one is there. The difference between supportive housing program and long term care services are; supportive housing assistance those that are able to care for oneself where long term care is for those that needs assistance with daily adl’s. Home care is more independent than a long term services, because one is still able to be in the home with little assistance from an outside source. Assistance living is more independent than a long term facility. One is no longer able to live at home. Mostly likely one require a little more assistance that can offer through home care but not enough where to one needs to be placed in a nursing home. CRS is more independent that a long term cares facility because one is still able to live on their own with no assistance.

The Automobile Industry And Performance Economics Essay

The Automobile Industry And Performance Economics Essay The success of Malaysia automotive in producing the national car should be a proud of because of internationally outstanding performance. In this journal, the authors determine that Malaysian government do a lot of alternative ways to protect automotive industry to sustain the industry locally keep survive especially to compete in internationally such as various protective measures for example tariff and non-tariff barriers and local content policy. In 2002, the automotives industry show great achievement in highest production point when producing half a million of vehicles in economic prosperity. PROTON and PERODUA becomes the two main national auto manufacture contributed mostly in producing small and medium class production of national cars Malaysia. Thailand becomes the biggest competitors when full implementation of AFTA in 2005 that cause the national car industry faces a lot of challenges. Some proactive measures taken by two automakers through cooperate with foreign automaker s to allay the challenges in auto production to increase the production and market of the national car company. Since 1985, Malaysia has obtained accepting regionally and internationally for its great achievements in the automotive industry. Proton itself make a collaboration with its affiliate, the Lotus International (United Kingdom ) in 1996.Proton cars have captured local markets for medium car class and made its presence felt even in certain developed countries by producing various car models including Proton Saga,Wira,Waja and most recently, the Gen-2.The author states that in this journal reveals the Malaysian experience in promoting the automotive industry and examines the overall performance of the sector especially in national auto production. The automotive industry in Malaysia proves that Islamic countries gives a big impact to participate and compete in economic activity which is known well naturally controlled by non-Muslim countries that shows the ability of Malaysia to start and improves the industry. There are a lot of efforts and sacrifices to face the challenges and compete in highly competitive and technology-intensive industry to Malaysian industry survive in future. To compete in local market since the neighbor country close competitors such as Thailand, Indonesia and Philippines, Malaysia should focus on production of commercial vehicles in short term. While in long term, stiffer competition would be faced by the national automakers with full implementation of AFTA (Asian Free Trade Area) and this would may affect that in this industry can no longer be heavily protected as it was past. Automotive industry in Malaysia: an assessment of its development In this journal, the authors analyzing and evaluating the growth of Malaysian automotive industry within the reason of infant industry and trade protection by the government will cause many arguments when using a global value chain perspective including the impact of global crisis in 2008-2009 on the Malaysian automotive industry. Even though the impact of global crisis is moderate but the domestic demand is decreasing and the weaken performance of the industry remain continue. The industry having difficulties when failed to increase to upgrading the industry and international competitiveness base on their quality of production even though the industry trying to expand the sales, production ,employment and local content every past year. Inadequate of encouraging political for high challenge with high maintain situation, low technological and marketing abilities and small amount of participation in the global value chain are the basic things that lead the industry easy to achieve the failures. By push the industry to achieve good performance, more transformation and strategy trough forming coalition with multiple shareholders even though there are industry protection policies that may help with their own initiatives. At the end, this industry applying captive of the regionalized Japanese keiretsu system in manufactures the production. The authors also mention about some question on how industrial policy might assist to place in developing countries in terms into the global economy. Based on the journal, the industry mainly focusing in manufacturing on passenger car manufacturing and causing increasing employment and average incomes with its employees in years 1980 to 2009 which is the industry has expanded too much starting from their infant industry. Japanese cars makers still dominating the auto market and industry because they have high competitive benefit to infiltrate global markets due to its high scale of technological advancement and product advancement mainly among parts and component suppliers, a lot of and high skilled workers and strong global marketing abilities when compared to Malaysian automotives industry. Introduction of new models shows the positive way of PROTON to increase the marketing strategies in the industry. Malaysian automotive industry still have an option when applying and generating more vibrant automotive group throughout production improvement and strengthening of advance method such as create high performance working systems to give more knowledge and working experience to the automotive industry workers. Supplier Development Framework in the Malaysian Automotive Industry: Protonà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s Experience In this journal, the authorsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ main focus is in Malaysian automotive industry on PROTON which is in raising the suppliersà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ relationships and their development. PROTON plays a important role with their supplier development to expanding inclusive support in example supplier selection and meeting, improvement, match making and encouraging constant performance expansion and enhancement programs. Supplier improvement stands for inventiveness by the buyer firm to enhance the performance and abilities of their suppliers and is explained as an important that have been applied by PROTON. However, the importance on price-cutting and independent achievement by PROTON represents the frequent observe of most US buying firms. A supplier advance effort stand for inventiveness by a buying firm which may assist the firm to assemble strategic organizational objectives. Buying firms must be agreeable to spend in the relationship with a lo ng-term perspective. Successful two way communication, long-term commitment, and continues support may give more benefits to the achievement of supplier expansion efforts will help the automotive industry can compete in global market successfully. PROTON should immediate concerns to face the problems which is they need to have a better relationships with their suppliers. To see the relationships have a better impact, the procurement practice is the best ways to be practiced by PROTON. In contrast, the long term relations between the suppliers can happens when the partnerships characterized by joint decision making within the buyers and suppliers. However, the internal suppliers force and effort to develop them are the most important things in development of supplier and the advancement of technology will increase their effort to boost up competitiveness through continuous research and development (R D), reduction the cost of production and value added with engineering value in main taining market value. New strategies such as find partnership to share the technology and enough effort and knowledge can help the industry to penetrate the markets whether in locally and global. Literature Review Performance of national cars in Malaysia should be boost up so that the industry can perform well to compete with our neighbor country such as Thailand and Indonesia and even worldwide. Automotive sector will become more competitive and by empowering the human capital available to high technology. In fact we are the pioneers of the automotive sector in the region, so we need to rise up with a new formula to bolster this sector. Our main national cars manufactures PROTON and PERODUA should come out from comfort zone. However, the success of Malaysia producing their own national cars should be a proud of all Islamic nations especially out citizens (Rosli, 2006).Malaysian government takes a lot alternative ways to make the industry remains survive especially to compete internationally such as provide tariff, customs tax and other local policy. Thailand becomes the biggest competitive of our production in national car when full implementation of AFTA was released. In additional , Malaysi an automotive industry faces many challenges to survive and compete based on their quality of production the industry already expanding their sales, production, employment and technology every past year. By making collaboration with foreign automakers can improve the quality of the national cars and some of its part and component. Besides, Malaysian automotives industry also should have good relationship with their supplier of the product. PROTON as well must maintain their communication and full commitment to their supplier so this will gives better outcome of their performance. Our national car industry performance can be improved by reducing production costs, increasing knowledge and skills among the worker who works in the industry, find another foreign partnership that can help the automotive industry to penetrate the local market but also internationally

William Tecumseh Sherman :: essays research papers

William Tecumseh Sherman was born on May 8, 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio. He was educated at the U.S. Military Academy and later went on to become a Union General in the U.S. civil war. Sherman resigned from the army in 1853 and became a partner in a banking firm in San Francisco. He became the president of the Military College in Louisiana(now Louisiana state University) from 1859-1861. Sherman offered his services at the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861 and was put in command of a volunteer infantry regiment, becoming a brigadier general of volunteers after the first Battle of bull run. He led his division at the Battle of Shiloh and was then promoted to major general of volunteers. Soon after Sherman fought in the battle of Chattanooga he was made supreme commander of the armies in the west. Sherman fought many battles with such people as Ulysses S. Grant, and against people such as Robert E. Lee before he was commissioned lieutenant general of the regular army. Following Grants election to presidency he was promoted to the rank of full general and given command of the entire U.S. Army. William Sherman published his personal memoirs in 1875, retired in 1883, and died in 1891. William Tecumseh Sherman, as you have read, was a very talented and very successful man. He is remembered by many accomplishments, but probably most remembered by his famous March to the sea. Sherman's march to the sea was probably the most celebrated military action, in which about sixty thousand men marched with Sherman from Atlanta to the Atlantic ocean, then north through South Carolina destroying the last of the souths economic resources. Bedford Forrest was in Tennessee, and with Atlanta secured, Sherman dispatched George H. Thomas to Nashville to restore the order there. John B. Hood threatened Thomas's supply line, and for about a month, they both fought north of Atlanta. Sherman decided to do the complete opposite of what the strategic plan laid down by Grant six months earlier had proposed to do. In that plan Grant had insisted that Confederate armies were the first and foremost objectives for Union strategy. What Sherman decided now was that he would completely ignore the Confederate armies and go for the "spirit that sustained the Confederate nation itself", the homes, the property, the families, and the food of the Southern heartland. He would march for Savannah, Georgia and the seacoast, abandoning his own line of supply, and live off the land and harvests of the Georgia Country. Grant finally approved Sherman's plan, so Sherman set off on his march eastward, "smashing things to the sea." On November 15, 1864, Sherman began his

Cuban Cigars : Rolling Process and Crop Gathering :: Cuban Cigar

Cuban Cigars: The Rolling Process and Gathering the Crop In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered the island now known as Cuba. Along with the discovery of Cuba, Columbus also discovered tobacco. Since that time, Cuba has developed the reputation as having the finest tobacco and finest cigars in the world. The following article will discuss how the crop is raised and harvested. Furthermore, the art of cigar rolling will be discussed in detail. What makes Cuban tobacco the world's finest tobacco? The answer lies in Cuba's climate and in the uniquely composed fertile fields in which the tobacco is raised. Cuba has a topical climate; this, combined with a temperature that is tempered by trade winds makes the island quite tobacco friendly. Cuba's fields, in which the tobacco is grown, have a unique composition that gives Cuban tobacco its own distinct and unmatched color and flavor. The tobacco crop goes through a long and tedious process before it is ultimately ready to become a Cuban Cigar. The first step in the process is to prepare the beds for the tobacco seedlings. After the beds are made, the tobacco seeds are planted. The next step involves topping the plants and removing the suckers. This is done to increase the vitality of the plants. After about 2 Â ½ to 3 months, the plant reaches maturity and is then harvested. The tobacco crop is harvested leaf by leaf. After the tobacco crop is harvested, the next step is to cure the crop. Curing is done in a very methodical manner. First, the tobacco leaves are strung together with a cotton thread. They are then hung out to dry for a few months. They are then considered cured. After "curing" the leaves, the plant goes through a series of natural fermentation steps. The tobacco at this stage is graded according to size and quality. The leaves at this point are ready to be wrapped and rolled into cigars. Before this is to occur however, the tobacco leaves are arranged according to thickness and length to match the type of cigar that is to be produced. The process of rolling a cigar is a very detailed and meticulous one. Cigar rolling requires expertise and care. Interestingly, the tools used to roll cigars have also remained virtually unchanged for generations. A small wooden board is needed, along with a semi-circular blade, and a small container of clear purified rubber resin, which is used to shape and seal off the ends of the cigar.

Ketchup campaign seeks to expand ketchup

The message ‘ketchup zaroori' is aimed at communicating the same. We have not Just said ‘ketchup zaroorl', we have said ‘National Ketchup zaroorl' hence our campaign Is not promoting the category but the National Ketchup brand specifically. † On promoting the 100g sachet to end consumers: â€Å"We have had the 100g sachet for a long time but have never promoted it before. Our sachet SKUs (log and 100g) are generally used and distributed by hotels, estaurants and fast food chains.However we want to encourage impulse buying for this SKU and thus promoted it to the general consumer. Showing this SKU in the lunch boxes of kids is based on the insights we gathered from a LJ&A study we conducted across Pakistan whereby we learned that mothers often put these sachets in their kids' lunch boxes. † On out of home and inside home ketchup consumption habits: â€Å"The sachet SKUs are generally consumed out of home as they are easy to carry on the go. The bottle a nd pouch are consumed inside the home and often in arty and dinner settings. A word from the agency – Umair Shams, Account Manager, IAL Saatchi ; Saatchi On changing consumer behaviour for ketchup: â€Å"There Is a simple consumer truth In this category: Pakistanis are obsessed with condiments. However, tnere Is a speclTlc conolmenvsauce tnat goes wltn eacn T example imli chutney is consumed with dahl baray, zeera raita with pulao etc. We wanted the Pakistani consumer to make an exception when it comes to National Ketchup and pour it on anything and everything.Therefore, National Ketchup being the market leader has attempted to expand the usage and frequency of ketchup by showing a variety of snacks and foods that ketchup can be consumed with. The strategy was to show that ketchup is one versatile condiment, and when it's National Ketchup, there really are no rules. † On the campaign Jingle: â€Å"The Jingle is composed and sung by Shula Hyder from Speed of Sound. Hyd er has developed great music for National Foods over the years which includes AaJ Yeh Kounsa Mehmaan Aaya and Rung Bharti Jao. â€Å"

Digital Single-lens Reflex Camera

Brochure More information from http://www. researchandmarkets. com/reports/2104103/ Digital Camera Market in India 2012 Description: Digital camera market in India can be characterized with strong growth potential in the ensuing years. Currently, the market is mainly dominated by a handful of players and a cut-throat competition exists amongst these players. The market was valued at INR 17. 5 bn during the fiscal year 2010 and is expected to attain a CAGR of 43% to reach INR 104. 6 bn by 2015. Rising disposable income and increased consumerism primary boosts the market in India.The report begins with a market overview, which provides an insight to the overall digital camera market. It describes the primary reasons which are propelling the market forward. The section also talks about the prevailing competition amongst major players and the market size and growth figures in India in terms of revenue as well as total camera units. This section also features Porter’s five forces a nalysis of the digital camera market in India, thereby offering a clear picture of the market scenario and market entry barriers for prospective new entrants.This section is followed by the technology section which enlightens the readers about the image sensors used in digital cameras for producing images. The sensors discussed in the report comprise of CMOS and CCD sensors. The section enlists the working procedures and advantages of these sensors, thereby providing detailed information about the Pros and Cons of each individual sensor. Distribution model section of the report briefly summarizes the various channels of product distribution, adopted by major players in the market to sell their products.It brings forth the present marketing strategies put in place by the players so as to increase their market reach and penetration. Pricing strategy analysis of top three vendors in the market have been derived after an in-depth analysis of the players concerned. The list generated aft er the research offers valuable insight about the various lucrative segments in the market. This section also features a separate analysis column which helps in clearly distinguishing the prime product segments on which these vendors primarily emphasize on.An analysis of the drivers and challenges explains the factors leading to the growth of the market including increased disposable income, declining prices, rise in e-commerce, increased travel plans and growing inclination for digital cameras. Strong opportunity exists in the market as increasing disposable income and higher consumption pattern drive the demand for digital cameras. This coupled with the fact that the increasing travel plans and constant decline of prices will lead to a developing market.Additionally, growing tendency to own a digital camera and to be able to share images online will fuel growth in this market. The key challenges identified are presence of grey market and emergence of Smart devices with camera feat ures. Basically, grey markets sell products prior to their official launch at comparatively lower prices and hence consumers are attracted by the fact of getting the latest product first hand, which in turn reduces the revenue generated by the overall market.The unprecedented growth in adoption of smart devices capable of capturing high quality images is also a factor hindering the full fledged growth in the market. A majority of the population still prefer devices such as Smartphones as a substitute of digital cameras. The prime reason for this tendency happens to be the common notion to own a multifunction product. Trends identified in the market comprise of introduction of mirrorless cameras, maintaining an India specific product portfolio, providing attractive features and specific focus on a particular range of products.Some of the key players in the market have introduced the mirrorless cameras in their product portfolio. This segment has attracted a lot of attention as these products have a comparatively lower body weight and are much more compact as compared to bulky DSLR cameras and hence owing to the portability quotient, these devices are finding a growing acceptability amongst both consumers as well vendors. It is also seen that most of the major players in the market India specific product portfolio wherein they price their products by keeping in mind the fact that India is a price sensitive country.Off late, the digital camera market has also seen the emergence of products with attractive features such as swivel LCD screens, direct image sharing over the internet, HD video recording and 3D imaging amongst other. Players are primarily incorporating these attractive features so as to lure consumers and gain a competitive edge over their competitors. Lastly, the key players in the market have exhibited a common tendency to bank upon a particular range of products. They spend a substantial amount of their operating expenses for the marketing of these products.This strategy is primarily adopted so as to increase brand visibility and awareness amongst consumers. The competition section provides detailed information about the competitive landscape in the market and includes a detailed profile of the major players in the market. This section covers crucial information about the players such as their corporate information, business highlights, a brief history of their respective corporate activities and sales intelligence. It further elaborates on the player’s detailed SWOT analysis and a comprehensive list of their product portfolio.A separate section on the future strategies of key vendors is also included in the report which gives value added information about the future plans of the top vendors in the market. This section highlights the key areas which these vendors are currently focusing on, so as to generate a better amount of revenue and garner a larger share in the overall market. The report concludes with a section o n strategic recommendations which comprises of an analysis of the growth strategies of the digital camera market in India. Contents:Page 1: Executive Summary Market Overview Page 2: Digital Camera Market – Overview; Digital camera – Market Size (FY 2010-2015e), Page 3: Porter’s Five Forces Analysis – Digital Camera Market Technology Page 4: Image Sensors – Working; Advantages Distribution Model Page 5: Distribution Model – Consumer Electronic Stores, Retail Showroom, Channel Partners, Distributors and Dealers Pricing Strategy Analysis of Top 3 Vendors Page 6: Pricing Strategy – Point and Shoot Segment Page 7: Pricing Strategy – DSLR Segment Drivers and Challenges Page 8: Summary Page 9-13: Drivers Page 14: Challenges Trends Page 15: Summary 16-17: Trends Competition Page 18: Canon Inc – Corporate Information; Sales Intelligence; Brief History and Business Highlights Page 19: Canon Inc – SWOT Analysis Page 20-23: C anon Inc – Product Portfolio Page 24: Eastman Kodak Company – Corporate Information; Sales Intelligence; Brief History and Business HighlightsPage 25: Eastman Kodak Company – SWOT Analysis Page 26: Eastman Kodak Company – Product Portfolio Page 27: FUJIFILM Holdings Corporation – Corporate Information; Sales Intelligence; Brief History and Business Highlights Page 28: FUJIFILM Holdings Corporation – SWOT Analysis Page 29-31: FUJIFILM Holdings Corporation – Product Portfolio Page 32: Nikon Corp – Corporate Information; Sales Intelligence; Brief History and Business Highlights Page 33: Nikon Corp – SWOT Analysis Page 34-36: Nikon Corp – Product Portfolio Page 37: Olympus – Corporate Information; Sales Intelligence; Brief History and Business Highlights Page 38: Olympus – SWOT Analysis Page 39-41: Olympus – Product Portfolio Page 42: Panasonic Corporation – Corporate Information; Sales Int elligence; Brief History and Business Highlights Page 43: Panasonic Corporation – SWOT Analysis Page 44-47: Panasonic Corporation – Product Portfolio Page 48: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. – Corporate Information; Sales Intelligence; Brief History and Business Highlights Page 49: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. – SWOT Analysis Page 50-53: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Product Portfolio Page 54: Sony Corp – Corporate Information; Sales Intelligence; Brief History and Business Highlights Page 55: Sony Corp – SWOT Analysis Page 56-57: Sony Corp – Product Portfolio Future Strategies of Key Vendors Page 58: Future Strategy – Major Players Strategic Recommendations Page 59: Strategic Recommendations List of Charts & Figures Market Overview 1. Digital Camera Market Size – Revenue (FY10 – FY15e) 2. Digital Camera Market Size – Volume (2010-2015e) 3. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Pricing Strategy – Digital Camera Market 4. Pricing Strategy – Point and Shoot Segment 5. Pricing Strategy – DSLR Segment Drivers and Challenges 6. 7. 8. 9. Total no. f household (mn) – (2005, 2015e, 2025e) Aggregate Annual Disposable Income (2005, 2015e, 2025e) e-Commerce market growth – India (2010 – 2015e) Travel and Tourism – Size and Growth (2010 – 2020e) List of Tables Distribution Model 1. Sales Channel – Major Vendors Competition 2. Major Players a. Corporate Information b. Sales Intelligence c. SWOT Analysis d. Product Portfolio Future Strategy of Key Vendors 3. Future Strategy – Major Vendors Ordering: Order Online – http://www. researchandmarkets. com/reports/2104103/ Order by Fax – using the form below Order by Post – print the order form below and send to Research and Markets, Guinness Centre, Taylors Lane, Dublin 8, Ireland. Page 1 of 2 Fax Order FormTo place an order via fax simply print this form, fill in the i nformation below and fax the completed form to 646-6071907 (from USA) or +353-1-481-1716 (from Rest of World). 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Karl Marx’s theory

The theory of Karl Marx as regards society and how it should move and organize itself is contrary to the view that all the members of the community must collaborate and contribute to the greater and common good. For Karl Marx, conflict is necessary in order to effectuate changes within the society. In fact, he considers conflict the most fundamental ingredient in making change possible in a given society.The foundation of this theory is Karl Marx’s theory that the society is composed of different classes. The class to which a particular person belongs will largely depend on the role or part played by that individual within the bounds of society. Where classes exist, people are continuously segregated, and hence it cannot be said that there is presence of absolute equality. Hence, for Karl Marx, this is where conflict begins.His belief in the formation of classes is traced in his notion that men has been in constant contrast with nature or his environment. There is the belief t hat due to man’s active participation or connection with his environment, he finds more and more ways to contrast with it in order for him to survive. As correctly pointed out,Marx insisted that men make their own history. Human history is the process through which men change themselves even as they pit themselves against nature to dominate it. In the course of their history men increasingly transform nature to make it better serve their own purposes. And, in the process of transforming nature, they transform themselves.In contrast to all animals who can only passively adjust to nature's requirements by finding a niche in the ecological order that allows them to subsist and develop, man is active in relation to his surroundings. He fashions tools with which to transform his natural habitat (â€Å"Dynamics Of Social Change†).Hence, men found it imperative to formulate measures and processes in order for him to survive. This is the same need that moved and provoked men t o associate with other individuals that are more like them. This is the start of the formation of classes where men of the same roles in the society grouped and formed their own class for purposes of survival.Due to the creation of different classes or groups within the society with the same purpose, said groups found themselves in conflict with one another. This is due to the fact that for purposes of subsistence, one class must necessarily dominate all the other classes in the society. In a scenario where different classes exist with one purpose, the presence of conflict, for Karl Marx, is inevitable. â€Å"Classes are conflict groups involved in extremely intense and violent conflicts directed toward equally extremely sudden and radical changes†(Dahrendorf, 1959). Due to their struggle to survival, it becomes imperative that the classes be in conflict with one another. The subjective class deemed it necessary to rise above the dominating class.In order for the subjective c lass to rise above the dominating class, it becomes crucial for conflict to exist. As mentioned above, it was the view of Marx that men as beings do not merely adapt to his nature. In order to survive, men find means and process to fight back and struggle with nature. This is precisely what happens in the society, the people do not merely assent to what constantly occurs within the society, and hence conflict must be created for change to materialize. Marx believed that if the lower class simply cooperated with the higher class, exploitation will continue and worsen until change is no longer possible.For Marx, society cannot change nor move forward if people simply assented to the appeals and desires of the dominant class; that society cannot be changed if men simply adhered or responded to nature. Marx put too much premium in the concept of conflict as a tool for transforming the society people live in. Truthfully, in the world we live in today, conflict is not difficult to find. A s correctly pointed out by Dahrendorf, â€Å"we can maintain at the very least that in many societies there are associations and classes, and in all known societies social conflicts†(1959). And within each society, conflict is not a simple element, but rather a necessary one.   For Karl Marx, In order that change to the systems running the society and arrangements within the society to be effected, conflict, albeit a negative term, is a necessary tool which must be considered and utilized.REFERENCERalf Dahrendorf. Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1959â€Å"Dynamics of Social Change†.

APPLYING ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES TO EDUCATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

APPLYING ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES TO EDUCATION - Essay Example This principle amounts to greater competition in the market place. To effectively compete with each other, organizations will be forced to improve the quality of the products or services that they offer in order to give better value to their customers. This will also be advantageous to the consumers because some companies tend to lower their prices to increase their market share. In a free market economy, people â€Å"vote† through their purchases of goods and services. Those getting the most â€Å"votes† are the ones that offer the best value for the people’s money. With support coming from the consumers, these firms have the dollar power to further improve on the quality of their products and services. Those firms who fail to attract enough customers/buyers are those who do not provide a good value. If they do not shape up, these organizations will eventually go by the wayside. 2. Are there other public functions that might benefit from more competition, includ ing competition from private firms? Yes, there are other public functions that might benefit from more competition, including competition from private firms. These organizations would include those in the area of health care (hospitals, day-care facilities & retirement homes), low-cost housing, transportation, telecommunications, and infrastructure.

Bioengineering in Food Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bioengineering in Food - Research Paper Example 262). Hybridization, on the other hand, refers to the process of cross-breeding genetically dissimilar crops, both within and between species (Aheto, 2008, p. 77). Genetic engineering and hybridization differ in origin: genes from genetic engineering originate from any living organism, virus, or even chemical synthesis while genes from hybridization may originate from genetically different plant genera and families. Genetic engineering enabled food and crop scientists to manipulate the DNA of plants at molecular level. It has allowed possible transfer of DNA between two distantly species, unlike the traditional hybridization. Organisms that have been transformed using genetic engineering are often called transgenic organism, genetically engineered organism, or genetically modified organism (Wieczorek, 2003, p. 1); hybrid is the term used for organisms that underwent hybridization. The major differences of genetic engineering and hybridization in agriculture are noticeable in terms of results and economic impact. No matter how good the breeder is in choosing the best parents to cross or hybrid, the result is still unpredictable in the genetic levels. DNA of parent crops recombines randomly and may exhibit desirable traits such as pest resistance but the hybrid may also exhibit undesirable traits such as poor quality and lower yield. Because of the possibility to produce a crop which has undesirable characteristics and the great deal of effort required to separate undesirable from desirable traits, hybridization or traditional breeding is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and is not economically practical. Meanwhile, genetic engineering is economically practical as it allows segmentation of specific characteristics of DNA to be selected and removed unwanted traits, making the desired gene controlled, precise, and of high quality (Wieczorek, 2003, p. 1). Advantages of Bioengineering Wieczorek (2003) identified a few examples of benefits or advantages of bioengineer ing to the agriculture, among of which are: increased crop productivity, enhanced crop protection, improvements in food processing, improved nutritional value, better flavor, and fresher produce (p. 2-3). Genetically engineered crops increased crop productivity because it introduced qualities such as disease resistance and increased drought tolerance to the crops (Wieczorek, 2003, p. 2). Examples of which are the cases in University of Hawaii and Cornell University that developed two varieties of papaya resistant to papaya ringspot virus. The used of genetic engineering in agriculture has also increased crop productivity by developing drought-resistant plants that are capable of using water efficiently. Genetic engineering also enhanced crop protection and can make cost-effective solutions to pests’ problems (Wieczorek, 2003, p. 2). The research from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis has made protein in the crops such as corn, cotton, and potato into a protein that ki lls certain insects when they feed on the plants. This technological breakthrough is also the protein used in natural insecticides. The similar case applies to Bt engineered into a corn crop, making pest control more cheaply, more effective, and less expensive, but Bt crops are considered inacceptable because the entire

Childhood studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Childhood studies - Essay Example The approach postulated by Aries was later amplified and to some extent misinterpreted by intellectuals who noticed the appalling characteristics of the pre-modern childhood. For instance, the increased death rates, harsh discipline muted to the children, and the idea of child labour. Additionally, some patterns were observed to be surrounding the childhood concept. For example, societal naming system that derives names of the dead in naming newborn children. Indeed, the system was a cavalier approach to the death of the infants and individuality of the children (Stearns, 2005, p.4). Morrison (2012, p.28) argues that in the attempt to find answers to the overarching problems that face the children in the contemporary world, there is a need to focus on the academic works. The global history of children adds to the advancement of the conditions of numerous children in today’s world. Professors and scholars can greatly inspire their learners to focus care on the rights of children, provide critical thinking perspectives and problem-solving techniques as a necessity to turn care into actions. Essentially, global childhood historians can serve the purpose of consultancy for policy-makers and activists who seek the parallels of history regarding children issues. Further, historians can trace the root causes of the problems that faced children including child labour and violence. Therefore, the disadvantaged and destitute children must not receive blame for existing conditions. Scholars, for example, Shulamith Shahar critiqued and proved wrong Aries’ theory that childhood had no abode in the medieval world. In his book Childhood in the Middle Ages, Shahar claims that the theory postulated by Aries is erroneous since no community can physically survive in the absence of child nurturing traditions, channels of knowledge transmission, and rich avenues for the young to socialize. Further, Shahar maintains that just because the middle-aged children were involved in

Coporate finace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Coporate finace - Essay Example Macquarie group limited 2014 financial report, the share price as at 30 December 2014 was $57.93. The company’s last ten years average total dividends, the return on equity and the payout ratios were $3.76, 11.1% and 66.8%. Dividend in the next period = dividend in the current period * (1+ the growth rate) = $3.76* (1+3.69%) = $3.89. now the three fundamental inputs are available and we can now punch into the equation below to get the return on equity: It is assumed that all investor do aim at maximizing the economic utilities and the asset quantities are fixed. The investors are risk- averse and rational. The investors are price takers and there is no way they can influence market prices. The investors have the same expectations that are related to the market. From the finance point of view, the cost of debt is calculated by using the following formula Kd= where I is the annual interest while P is the current market value of a debenture. The Macquarie group limited had an annual interest of $359m4. However, the market price of the debenture was $3507m. The cost of debt can, therefore, be computed by punching in the above inputs into the formula (359/3507) = 0.1023 hence 10.24%. This is where Re= cost of equity, Rd= cost of debt, E= the market value of the company’s equity, D= the market value of the firms debt, V= total value of debt and equity (E+D). Percentage of financing equity = E/V while the percentage of finance by debt = D/V and Tc = corporate tax rate6. The corporate tax for the company is 30%. From Modigliani miller irrelevant theory, the tax deductibility increases the value of the firm. This is by increasing the cash flows to respective equity shareholders. The tax deductibility of the debt down scales the weighted average cost of capital hence increasing the value of the firm. The cost of equity, Re, is higher than the cost of debt, Rd, but the saving in the cost of debt Rd is more hence making up for it

Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case - Essay Example lifications: a manifestation of exemplary expertise on the governance of all functional responsibilities, including planning, organizing, directing and controlling relevant operational facets of the River Woods plant; possessing considerable charismatic power through exemplifying attractiveness in physical traits, behavior and interpersonal skills, to enable the new manager to effectively influence the subordinates; must have the ability, commitment and determination to do whatever it takes to possible get the identified plant objectives done; and must possess the appropriate ethical, moral and legal value system to perform within organizational policies and adhering to the expected code of conduct. The new plant manager should possess these qualifications, pursuant to the sources of personal power. Since the responsibilities and accountabilities follow a decentralized management structure where significant reliance on personal power would be instrumental in the success of the plant and that of the overall achievement of organizational goals, the ideal candidate should possess a holistic personality with exemplary academic and work experience, in conjunction with leadership skills that would enable him to lead and influence his subordinates to achieve the defined objectives. By looking at qualities that address expertise, attractiveness, positive behavior, and effort, the potential candidate for the position would surely be manifest traits and personal qualities that are needed to perform the responsibilities expected as the plant manager of River

Personal Computer and Dell Essay Example for Free

Personal Computer and Dell Essay Synopsis: In 1984 Dell Inc. was founded by University of Texas freshmen, Michael Dell. Dell would buy computers from the excess inventory of local retailers and revamp them to sell out of his trunk. Dell was able to sell his computers at 10%-15% below retail price. After Dell’s freshmen year he dropped out to run his business full time. By 1995 Dell had sales of nearly $3. 5 billion and was one of the top five PC vendors in the world. Dell focused on customer support and service and became the master of process engineering and supply chain management. Dell has faced many challenges including distribution through US retail stores, management changes, and keeping up with its competitors. Since consumers aren’t willing to pay huge amounts of money for computers unless they were unique, Dell is at a crossroads. Which road Dell chooses to follow will determine its future. Resources: Dell Inc. ’s most valuable resource has been Michael Dell and its ability to sell computers at 10-15% below market value. Another huge resource is the executive team that Dell formed for guidance. Capabilities: Dell’s capability at producing products at a lower cost to its consumers is key. By adding services such as laptops, software/peripherals, servers/networking, services, and storage Dell expanded its capabilities. With the added services Dell can keep pace with its competitors. Core Competencies: Dell’s core competencies are the ability to offer quality products at cheaper prices, personalized orders, and the ability to keep their inventory relatively low. These competencies have helped Dell become a leader in the computer industry. Finding of Fact: Dell is currently at a crossroads; the company’s margins aren’t in a favorable position for the company. In 2010 yes their net income rose, but was still only 2. 91% of net revenue. Dell’s consumers are no longer willing to pay top dollar for a computer, unless it was unique. Competitors are selling laptops for around $300. Tablets have pushed Dell’s laptop sales down as well. Many more competitors have stepped into the industry since Dell first was founded. Dell also spends about 1% of its sales on research and development, while other companies spend about 5%. Justified Recommendation: Dell should invest more of its money into research and development for its products. Technology is constantly changing and for Dell to stay ahead or at least at the same pace, research and development is a must. I’m not saying Dell needs to go out and hire some new employees for this team. Dell could use members from each of its sections to help brainstorm and come up with new and innovative ideas. Innovative employees are invaluable to a company. Dell’s management should perform environmental scanning both internally and externally to find Dells SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats). Once SWOT is determined management could strategically figure out how to move forward. Environmental scanning shouldn’t be done just when a company finds it has â€Å"hit a bump in the road†, but periodically to keep the company innovative and make sure it is on the correct path. Dell should also perform an industry analysis. This analysis will review potential entrants, buyers, substitutes, suppliers, other stakeholders, and competitors. By completing the analysis a company can determine the high and low forces against the company. The low forces could be turned into a possible opportunity or based on the analysis results, the company could switch strategies.

The Different Methods Of Flood Prevention

The Different Methods Of Flood Prevention In the sixth week of the first semester of the current academic year I was informed that I would have to write a technical report on a topic of my choice as well give a presentation on the same topic. After reading around for interesting and relevant topics as well as correspondence with my personal tutor I chose the topic of Methods of Flood Prevention for the report. Starting my research I made use of the library and internet to increase my knowledge of the subject as well as find research and discussions by experts in the subject. On the tenth week I gave short presentation on the subject that I presented to my peers this was successful. Furthermore the purpose of this report is to investigate and outline methods of both preventing and dealing with floods, primarily by restricting the places where the water is allowed to flow. This report will span though the causes of flooding, the dangers finally looking at different methods mankind have used to limit the effects of flooding wo rldwide though a range of solutions, some starting simple and overtime becoming more complex. An initial examination of flooding Cause Flooding is caused by large surges of water over a short period of time this causes existing draining systems, wither natural or manmade to become overwhelmed. This occurs because the ground becomes saturated and is no longer able to absorb more water, in addition other drainage such as rivers, drain pipes and reservoirs may be filled faster than they are able to drain, this causes the excess water to accumulate. The rapid surge of water can come from a variety of different sources as well as a combination of sources. According to J.A.A. Jones heavy rainfall is usually a prime initiator of flooding worldwide. The key characteristics may include any combination of rainfall intensity, duration, area and location relative to the drainage network. {{J.A.A Jones 2000}} Other sources include tidal surges, hurricanes, tsunamis, rapid melting of ice or snow. Blockages of drainage systems such as rivers streams and sewers can also cause flooding if water isnt able to be drained away normally. Risks Flooding causes a variety of problems ranging from the short term and more immediately evident risks to long term risks. Immediate risks are often the greatest danger in terms of risk to human life. Immediate risks pose great danger to human life. According to the world health organization {{World Health Organisation 2010}} floods greatly increase the risk of the spread of communicable diseases. Water-borne diseases, such as typhoid fever, and cholera are likely to spread during flooding due to possible contamination of water supplies especially if the floodwater becomes contaminated by sewerage. Vector -borne diseases are those spread by carriers, floods can lead to a large increase in the habitat of for example mosquitoes which are spreaders of malaria. The sheer mass of water causes risks to anyone trapped in the affected, area, bursting gas pipes, collapsing structures, and drowning. Long term risks, flooding causes millions of pounds of damage to buildings. After a major flood economic instability is likely to follow, Loss of business, damage to stock and even loss of tourism income. Some countries that have been devastated by floods may suffer the consequences long after the water has subsided, food supplies being destroyed and other economic losses may lead of widespread poverty and famine. Hence the limitation of floods is essential to the well being of any community. Flood Defences Over the last few centuries many countries have developed and put in place different measures to control the position of water a limit the effects of heavy freak or seasonal rain, tides as well as tropical storm weather. There are two main branches both closely connected to one another. One is concerned with protecting from floods by preventing or limiting their effects from occurring, the other is concerned with predicting when, how often and how severely floods will strike. Reservoirs According to Collins a reservoir can be described as A natural or artificial lake for storing water for community use {{ Collins Language 2009}} Reservoirs can be considered a useful form of flood control especially in areas of irregular rain patterns, such as high rainfall in some seasons followed by periods of drought. This way water can be stored during periods of rainfall and then released or used in the community over a longer period of time. Dams Dams are often part of a reservoir system; the advantage of dams is they are able to act as more than just a flood defence, they are good sources to be used for hydroelectric power stations. Dams however pose a flood risk caused by dam failure, if improperly built. Dams are also sometimes spanned across rivers or lakes, one example of such damn being the Wilson Damn is dam spanning the Tennessee River. The gates are used to slow or increase the rate of flow through the damn, for the purpose of controlling the water as well as generating large amounts of electricity. Sea Barriers Sea barriers are a very effective form of flood protection protecting from sea water. They are useful in places where a costal which are at great risk of flooding from high tides. These can be permanent walls or erecting barriers, examples of such would be the Thames Barrier in London and the Maeslantkering in The Nederlands. The Maeslantkering with its extremely impressive dimensions consists of two 210 meter wide gates that are 22meters high and is hence one of the biggest moving structures on the planet. The purpose of these gates to protect The Nederlands from storm surges. The construction of this barrier took over 6 years to build and was completed in 1997. This is advantageous versus other types of barriers as the fact that it is able to move to allow ships access into The Nederlands. It operates automatically using weather data and closes when there are surges higher than 3 meters over normal are predicted. The automatic computer systems of the Maeslantkering automatically alerts all traffic in advance to halt their course until further notice if the barrier is intended to close. The Nederlands having large portions of its land below sea level such that two-thirds of its population lives there, is at high risk of increasing sea levels and have over the last few hundred years taken many steps to re claim more and more land from the sea have some of the best flood defences in the Europe. It is hence important that barriers such as the Maeslantkering exist especially in this day and age with the uncertainty concerning rise levels and the continued treat of global climate change. The barrier and other flood defences in The Nederlands are designed to protect the country from floods of estimated frequency of 1 in 10,000 years. The Thames Barrier in London was completed in 1984 and is designed to protect the city of London from being flooded by large surges of water from the Atlantic Ocean. I consist of 4 main gates as well as several smaller gates; the barriers themselves fill with water and lay submerged when they are not in use, the water in these gates drain out when the barriers are raised. The raising of the barrier is controlled and decided upon using several checks, including predictions not only from its own forecasting systems but also those from the Met Office. Like the Maeslantkering the computer system at the Thames Barrier automatically alerts all traffic coming towards and inside London to cease course and stand by up to 9 hours before it needs to close. Levees Levees are slopes of land or walls that are to control water levels next to rivers or the coast. According to {{R. A. Guisepi 2008}} they where first built in the Indus Valley Civilisation over 4.6 thousand years ago. Around the world they are quite popular and very effective as a form of large scale flood control present in rivers both across Europe and in the United States, for example the Mississippi River as while as the Rhine which stretches across seven European counties. Although so widely used and trusted levees are not in fact that reliable when improperly secured especially when it comes to the most extreme weather, most notably during Hurricane Katrina there was wide scale failure in New Orleans. They work by controlling the size and shape of the river, as a result may even change the speed at which the river flows. Storm drains Storm drains are systems that are designed to drain rainwater from roofs, paved areas and roads. They generally consist of a series of underground pipes that lead into a reservoir. The areas to be drained are usually tilted at a small angle so that any water that fell on these areas would not remain stagnant, instead would run off into these drainage systems. This process is essential as rainwater is not able to easily penetrate paved areas, this would otherwise cause regular flooding of urbanised areas. The water that runs the tilted pavement runs along little valleys into storm drain entrances. These are usually grids to prevent too objects from falling down, although quite large holes to prevent them becoming blocked. These drains are fitted with traps much like those in a house-hold sink, in this case called a gulley-pot, like traps in sinks they are prevent rising foul gasses to be escape the sewers. As a result of accumulating sediment in these traps require regular maintenance especially during the autumn season where leaves and loose soil are likely to be washed into them, this is easily done using specially designed trucks with their own pumps to simply suck out any blockage, I minor inconvenience to road users however, necessary none the less. Storm drains date back over 4000 years ago according to {{C Michael Hogan 2007}} where evidence of them has been found in Crete. There are several building regulations connected to the storm drains. Flood plains Are pieces of land that are usually nearby rivers and are usually very prone to being flooded, this land may because of the proximity to fresh water be very fertile and good for transportation, but control and awareness of developments and usage of these pieces of land are essential for the safety of those living on these areas. Steps such as flood insurance, and evacuation procedures must be put into place to prevent great loss of life or possession. Temporary structures Temporary flood barriers are available from a large range of sources online. There are businesses which specialise in fast erecting cheap but incredibly effective flood barriers which can provide protection on a small scale for specific buildings. These types of barriers can consist of a number of things, for example inflatable barriers or strong polymer barriers that lock into alleyways or doors. Packing bags of sand may also be done as a way of protecting areas that are sensitive to flood waters such as power stations. An example of one such company which I discussed in my talk was Revetment Limited claiming to be able to erect barriers 20 meters can be erected in less than 15 minutes {{Revetment Limited 2003}} Environment Agency In the United Kingdom the Environment Agency issues flood maps which consists of area based risks assessments for the whole of England and Whales; anyone can request copies of theses maps or simply view them online. They outline which parts of the country are at risk of flooding, to what degree, and from what source. If for example I was to look at a flood map and zoom onto the area that is Loughborough I could see that there is very low risk of flooding and only river flooding, at the canals especially near the leisure centre. In addition whenever any landscaping or building work is to be done there is a requirement that a risk assessment of the area is to be carried out; not only on the area being developed but on the affect that this development would have on the surrounding area and wither it would increase the flood risk of this area. The development would have to not interfere with the drainage of the area surrounding, all this is outlines within Planning Policy Statement 25: D evelopment and Flood Risk {{The Environment Agency 2009}} Meteorological There are scientists out there who devote their entire careers to understanding and predicting the way that the weather will sway. They make use of measurements of air pressure, air temperature, weather balloons and in more recent years weather satellites. These organisations are essential and one of the frontier lines as far as flood defence goes. They provide data for the engineers to build upon, they also provide the data for certain emergency system to run for example, evacuation of high risk areas the raising for flood barriers such as the Thames and the Maeslantkering. One of the most essential qualities of such an organisation, for example the UK Met Office is making predictions clear and ahead of time then communicating with the necessary authorities and making sure the what needs to be done is carrier out. Frequency Based Risk Assessment Frequency analysis can be based either on annual maximum (AM) data or peak-over-threshold (POT) data. The AM series comprises the largest rainfall observed in each year whereas POT data consists of the time and magnitude of rainfalls exceeding a threshold. {{Duncan. F 1999}} Frequency based risk assessment is process used by meteorologists to provide estimations for governments, engineers, and insurance companies alike. Currently frequency based estimations are being used in the Netherlands to set the heights of the river dikes. Hoekstra explains so in an article for the journal Natural Hazards In the Netherlands the current dike design policy is to design flood defence structures corresponding to an agreed flooding probability with an extra safety board of at least 0.5 m. {{Hoekstra, Arjen Y. 2008}} He later goes on to explain that A problem with this strategy is that it builds on assumptions with regard to the intrinsically uncertain probably distributions for the peak discharges. {{Hoekstra, Arjen Y. 2008}}. As explained by the above quote these analyses and risk assessments are rather vital as it provides engineers and designers for a template to design other flood defences to. Without this data we would simply be building walls and would have no idea how high they would need to be and how likely it would be to be a sufficient or effective flood defence. It also sometimes hints on patterns of likely hood on when a flood is likely to occur. In years to come however these estimations become more and more unreliable as sea levels increase and climate patterns that have been observed for hundreds of years slowly change. Conclusions Floods are an unavoidable natural process caused by large surges of water in short periods of time, leaving the drainage system that is in place, wither man made or natural unable to cope regardless if it simply controls where the water is kept or even controls how to dissipate the water. Therefore we have to do everything in our powers to limit the damage caused by these floods as to ensure the livelihood of the people of the community. Wither we believe that the oncoming climate change is due to human negligence or if it simply part of longer cycle of changes we must consider the steps to prepare for the worse. Even if we do build defences and there turns out to be no massive rise in sea levels it may still be useful to prepare because when the proof arrives it may already be too late. Furthermore such a large building project could be beneficial to many communities providing not only security but employment and economic stability. In this report outlined the different measures tha t can be taken both as emergencies and on the long term, including but not limited the storing of water in reservoirs, the use of sea barriers, levees, storm drains, temporary emergency structures, and proper planning and predictions. In the light this, I would suggest that other countries follow the example of the Nederlands and attempt to provide its most sensitive areas with flood defence that is capable of protecting from one in 10,000 year storms, as it is a lifetime investment that will provide long term piece of mind regardless of wither it will be used against freak floods or used to protect people on the advent of global sea levels continuing to rise.