The Effect of Overpopulation on Environment Research Paper Example

The Effect of Overpopulation on Environment Research Paper Example The Effect of Overpopulation on Environment Paper The Effect of Overpopulation on Environment Paper Essay Topic: Biodiversity From recent studies we know that overpopulation do affects our environment. It frequently causes many types of pollution such as water pollution,air pollution,land pollution,noise pollution . Len addition,overpopulation also threat to the biodiversity. To solve this problem,only a sustainable approach toward conserving what currently exists as natural resources could counteract the detrimental effects of overpopulation on the natural world. The Effects of Overpopulation on Environment Talking about pollution, nobodys holy. They who polluted, sinned against nature(Toby Beta). The problem of pollution has become increasingly widespread and potentially more harmful. The main cause for the increase in pollution is that Earths pollution grow larger everyday. Human sometime do something without noticing the impact that will result. They gradually become the enemy who destroy environment. Almost all human activities impact actively the environment in one form or another, and as human population expands, the damaging effects on the environment multiply. Here are some environmental problems that result from human population growth: water pollution, air pollution, land pollution, noise pollution and loss of biodiversity. Overpopulation is one of the main reasons causing water pollution. Population growth usually increases demand for water in living, labouringly, In the same time, we release a large amount of rubbish into the environment especially for rivers, lakes, More than 95% urban sewage in developing Mounties is discharged untreated into the nearest water or field. The main contributors are factories and open mines, discarding waste water with heavy metal, toxic substances and solid waste, which are virtually impossible to purity. In addition, the situation is even worse when it comes to ocean exploitation. Overflowing changes the balance is coastal ecosystems and decreases fish population. Sometimes it might even lead to extinction of certain marine species. Overflowing also damages coral reefs, because it allows algae to overgrow them. It turns out that the ocean is the ultimate airbag dump because eventually all of the sewage, sediment from forest clearing, fertilizer and pesticide run-off flow into it. It is important to preserve the ocean, not only because it is an important source of food, but also because it plays a major role in climate regulation. The circulation Of cold and warm water protects the earth from extreme temperature fluctuations. In addition, oceans absorbs be;en 30 and 40% of the CO given off as a result of human activity, thus keeping global warming at stake. Another effect of overpopulation on environment is air population. We know that the population growth means that the human impact on the environment will be more and more. Many things we do affect the air and the climate we live in. For example, burning of fossil fuels such as coal and petrol. It releases a lot of pollutants into the atmosphere like sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide which have various environmental effects such as Greenhouse Effect. The quantity of Greenhouse Effect gases has increased significantly, its causing a rise in temperature on the Earths surface (Global warming). Besides, everyday human activities such as dry cleaning, filling your car with gas and decreasing ND painting operations. These activities add gases and particles to the air we breathe. When these gases and particles accumulate in the air in high enough concentrations, they can harm us and our environment. More people in cities and surrounding counties means more cars, trucks, industrial and commercial operations, and generally means more pollution. It may cause air pollution by the fumes and exhaust coming from the tail pipe. It will go to the air and when we breathe it in, we could get sick. For instance, in China, air pollution problems are occurring serious. Last July 2009, air pollution has lead o cancer and repository disease. It caused 2 million deaths per year in the worldwide. Land pollution is also a common thing and it happens dues to the increasing population. Population growth results increases the demand for food production. Since the arable land in many Of the overpopulated regions is limited, farmers begin to cultivate dry, hilly, nutrient-poor areas that are not very suitable for farming. Exploiting such lands makes them easily susceptible to erosion and loss of nutrients. For example, in search for farmland in Indonesia, peasants have been planting their crops on steep slopes. As a result, almost one half of Javas land is now in danger of erosion. Globally, the statistics are even more frightening. It is estimated that 1. 2 billion hectares of land, approximately the size of Europe, U. S. And Mexico combined, have lost much of their agricultural output capability in the last 50 years. Besides, land can become polluted by household garbage and by industrial waste. In 2010, Americans produced about 250 million tons of garbage consisting of product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing bottles, food scraps, newspapers, appliances, paint and batteries. Thats about 4. 3 pounds of waste per person per day. There are lots of non-biodegradable waste including containers, bottles and cans made of plastic. Dumping of toxic materials such as chemicals and paints makes the areas surrounding the industries look very fifth. Although domestic and industrial waste are collected and recycled or burnt incinerators, a large amount of rubbish is left untreated. These are then dumped into grounds, leading to land pollution. As well as these pollution, noise pollution is one of the serious damages caused by overpopulation. To serve for humankinds,in the past few years, the rate of automobile manufacturing has increased manifold. Traffic problems created by these vehicles is an important source of noise pollution. Sound produced by the exhaust systems of trucks, autos, buses, motorcycles, etc. Cause a lot of noise. The noise created by a bus or truck is 10-15 times that of a car. SE of diesel which results into high airborne vibration emission is one of the reasons why trucks and buses cause greater amount of noise. Besides, most of us may think of loud assembly lines or construction sites when we hint of noise pollution in the workplace, and while these examples definitely apply, regular offices are not immune. With more people packed into busy office spaces, office noise is a common problem. Co-workers who talk, drum their fingers on the desk, or offer other distracting noises can decrease the productivity of those around them without realizing it. Another problem is home sound. For example, a family with many members would make more noise clouding different sounds like talking, laughing, crying, alarms, Furthermore, people are surrounded by gadgets and use them extensively in our daily life. Gadgets like W, mobile, mixer grinder, pressure cooker, vacuum cleaners, washing machine and dryer, cooler, air conditioners are minor contributors to the amount of noise that is produced but it affects the quality of life of your neighborhood in a bad way. The continued increase human population is having negative effect on our biodiversity. All of the previously described effects of overpopulation on the environ meet lead to the destruction of the natural habitat of many wildlife species. The natural flora and fauna have been under constant pressure to adapt to a quickly changing environment. Since they have been unable to do so, they have been displaced from their natural ecological niche. The constant clearing of the Amazon forest has had devastating effect on many rare tropical species. It has been estimated that 10% of the species in the region have become extinct. In addition, over-exploitation is also a large problem for wildlife. For example, every year over 80 million fish are caught for human consumption. Sometimes the way that the fishing is done destroys marine habitats and catches many other marine animals by accident On the other hand, to meet he demand of human, thousand of plants and animals are take from our nature habitats everyday to be sold, traded or make into various products including gifts. For example, ivory from elephant tusks, coral, sea turtle shells are popular souvenirs that threaten species other products; medicines can also be made using threatened and endangered animals, tiger bone was offend used to help relieve swelling and paint. All of the above environmental issues clearly indicate that the natural assets that humans take for granted are in grave danger. Most of the damage on the environment caused by unman expansion is long-lasting and In some cases permanent.

Battle of Salamis in the Persian Wars

Battle of Salamis in the Persian Wars The Battle of Salamis was fought in September 480 BC during the Persian Wars (499-449 BC). One of the great naval battles in history, Salamis saw the out-numbered Greeks best a larger Persian fleet. The campaign had witnessed the Greeks pushed south and Athens captured. Regrouping, the Greeks were able to lure the Persian fleet into the narrow waters around Salamis which negated their numerical advantage. In the resulting battle, the Greeks badly defeated the enemy and forced them to flee. Unable to supply their army by sea, the Persians were forced to retreat north. Persian Invasion Invading Greece in the summer of 480 BC, Persian troops led by Xerxes I were opposed by an alliance of Greek city-states. Pushing south into Greece, the Persians were supported offshore by a large fleet. In August, the Persian army met Greek troops at the pass of Thermopylae while their ships encountered the allied fleet in the Straits of Artemisium. Despite a heroic stand, the Greeks were defeated at the Battle of Thermopylae forcing the fleet to retreat south to aid in the evacuation of Athens. Assisting in this effort, the fleet then moved to ports on Salamis. Athens Falls Advancing through Boeotia and Attica, Xerxes attacked and burned those cities that offered resistance before occupying Athens. In an effort to continue resistance, the Greek army established a new fortified position on the Isthmus of Corinth with the goal of defending the Peloponnesus. While a strong position, it could be easily outflanked if the Persians embarked their troops and crossed the waters of the Saronic Gulf. To prevent this, some of the allied leaders argued in favor of moving the fleet to the isthmus. Despite this threat, the Athenian leader Themistocles argued for remaining at Salamis. Frustrations at Salamis Offensively-minded, Themistocles understood that the smaller Greek fleet could negate the Persian advantage in numbers by fighting in the confined waters around the island. As the Athenian navy formed the larger component of the allied fleet, he was able to successfully lobby for remaining. Needing to deal with the Greek fleet before pressing on, Xerxes initially sought to avoid fighting in the narrow waters around the island. A Greek Trick Aware of discord among the Greeks, Xerxes began moving troops towards the isthmus with the hope that the Peloponnesian contingents would desert Themistocles in order to defend their homelands. This too failed and the Greek fleet remained in place. To promote the belief that the allies were fragmenting, Themistocles began a ruse by sending a servant to Xerxes claiming that Athenians had been wronged and wished to switch sides. He also stated that the Peloponnesians intended to depart that night. Believing this information, Xerxes directed his fleet to block the Straits of Salamis and those of Megara to the west. Moving to Battle While an Egyptian force moved to cover the Megara channel, the bulk of the Persian fleet took up stations near the Straits of Salamis. In addition, a small infantry force was moved to the island of Psyttaleia. Placing his throne on the slopes of Mount Aigaleos, Xerxes prepared to watch the coming battle. While the night passed without incident, the following morning a group of Corinthian triremes was spotted moving northwest away from the straits. Fleets Commanders Greeks ThemistoclesEurybiades366-378 ships Persians XerxesArtemisiaAriabignes600-800 ships Fighting Begins Believing that the allied fleet was breaking up, the Persians began moving towards the straits with the Phoenicians on the right, the Ionian Greeks on the left, and other forces in the center. Formed in three ranks, the Persian fleets formation began to disintegrate as it entered the confined waters of the straits. Opposing them, the allied fleet was deployed with the Athenians on the left, the Spartans on the right, and other allied ships in the center. As the Persians approached, the Greeks slowly backed their triremes, luring the enemy into the tight waters and buying time until the morning wind and tide (Map). Greeks Victorious Turning, the Greeks quickly moved to the attack. Driven back, the first line of Persian triremes was pushed into the second and third lines causing them to foul and for the organization to further break down. In addition, the beginning of a rising swell led the top-heavy Persian ships to have difficulty maneuvering. On the Greek left, the Persian admiral Ariabignes was killed early in the fighting leaving the Phoenicians largely leaderless. As the fighting raged, the Phoenicians were the first to break and flee. Exploiting this gap, the Athenians turned the Persian flank. In the center, a group of Greek ships managed to push through the Persian lines cutting their fleet in two. The situation for the Persians worsened through the day with the Ionian Greeks being the last to flee. Badly beaten, the Persian fleet retreated towards Phalerum with the Greeks in pursuit. In the retreat, Queen Artemisia of Halicarnassus rammed a friendly ship in an effort to escape. Watching from afar, Xerxes believed that she had sunk a Greek vessel and allegedly commented, My men have become women, and my women men. Aftermath Losses for the Battle of Salamis are not known with certainty, however, it is estimated that the Greeks lost around 40 ships while the Persians lost around 200. With the naval battle won, Greek marines crossed and eliminated the Persian troops on Psyttaleia. His fleet largely shattered, Xerxes ordered it north to guard the Hellespont. As the fleet was necessary for the supply of his army, the Persian leader also was forced to retreat with the bulk of his forces. Intending to finish the conquest of Greece the following year, he left a sizable army in the region under the command of Mardonius. A key turning point of the Persian Wars, the triumph of Salamis was built upon the following year when the Greeks defeated Mardonius at the Battle of Plataea.

Presence or Absence of Negligence by Nurses Essay

Presence or Absence of Negligence by Nurses - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the presence of an IV infiltration should have been identified, noted and taken care of immediately. It was the duty of the nurse who had done the overnight shift check up on the patient to ensure the best interest of the patient. This should have included ensuring that any single complication is noted, properly examined and proper care is given to deal with it. However, this was not the case as can be seen in the case study. The nurse who had done the rounds during the shift when the infiltrate was discovered had seen the infiltrate, failed to record it in the patient’s chart and additionally ignored it. In this case, the nurse had failed to perform her duty of ensuring quality care, health, and safety of the patient. Here is the case of professional negligence rather than ordinary negligence. The parents are in this case right to sue her for negligence and the consequent complications/damage (scarring and motion loss) that resul ted from the lack of action. Negligence is proven by four main elements. The first element is the duty which begins at the moment the patient meets the healthcare provider. The other element is the breach of duty. This according to Helm, occurs when the care provider fails to provide all necessary care and conduct to the patient. Damages, which is the next element is when harm occurs from neglect or breach of duty. The last element is causation. This is determined when the harm is done can be directly associated with lack of proper care. Ordinary negligence is defined as the failure to provide care that any other person would have provided in a particular situation. Professional negligence, on the other hand, involves malpractice done by an expertise such as a doctor or qualified nurse.

Issues in global economy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Issues in global economy - Research Paper Example This piece of writing will center on the strengths, weaknesses, and legality through explanation and in depth analysis. James argues that the effect of information technology on Global perspective has not been deliberately considered. He further stipulates that some developing countries are not in a spot to enjoy the technical changes in the information technology. James further posits that developing countries should become accustomed to the plentiful uniqueness of the information technology such as capability of eliminating irrepressible competition in the business globe. He added that there are great ideology and procedures linked with the information technology (Bigman 2007, p.3-5). James draws his strong points from a World Bank publication that was published in 1996. The document was entitled Global Economic Prospects and The Developing Countries. This document showed findings on irregular participation of developing countries in overseas trade and investments. Good number of d eveloping countries experienced undeniably inferior foreign investments to GDP ratios. Technology situates its control on a range of aspects of the economy such as societal, political, and monetary factors (Bertho 2008, p.168-170). James argues that in the midst of developing countries, the NICs more than any other cluster of developing countries have immensely improved by having a clear understanding of the benefits of information technology and enhanced interaction amongst them. The author supports his argument by giving examples of the countries who have realized dire need of involvement in information technology such as Taiwan, Singapore, and Korea. He emphasizes that these countries had sensed the revolutionary changes and transformations brought about by the information technology. The countries deemed it necessary to increase their competitive edge by thoroughly involving themselves in technological transformation of the complete economy (French 2008, p.80-81). James derived his arguments from very rich sources such as the World Bank and other scholarly sources. Additionally, it comes into reader’s mind that the issue of technology in advancement of the economy has been immensely studied. James argues that developing countries should be able to comprehend and absorb the various benefits coupled with technology in enhancement of the economy. The author, who acknowledges the uneven distribution of globalization, adds that governments should come up with very clear policies that aspire to incorporate the developments of information technology in the developing countries (Bertho 2008, p.163-165). James elaborately, describes and relates the thought of information technology with the global economy by recurrently giving examples. He stipulates that information technology have ease communication amongst countries by stating e-commerce among the advantages gained by technology. He further argues that there are numerous cot saving ideas that are found in technology. According to James, the countries involved intensive use of technology, gains a competitive advantage and better infrastructure thus increasing their foreign investments (Bigman 2007, p.4-6). The article’s motive was to relate globalization with the information technology but this has not been entirely considered by James. The author does not clearly explain in this article, how information techn

Speed Quality in Apparent Motion Essay Example for Free

Speed Quality in Apparent Motion Essay ABSTRACT Seven participants each viewed two flipbooks of slow and fast speeds of hand-drawn dots and stick figures. By counterbalancing the conditions, each participant watched the flipbooks according to the sequential order. After viewing either the slow or fast flipbooks, a questionnaire was used to collect and calculate raw data of the experience; which concerned realness, enjoy ability, smoothness, and speed quality. Hypothesizing how speed affects the quality of a flipbook supports Gestalt’s theory and dynamic case of apparent motion perceived. However, contradicting and compromising with the low-speed assumption and case first reported by Wallach. Introduction A popular and thorough explanation for brain and visual functioning, perception, and sensation is known as ‘Gestalt Theory.’ Gestalt theory explains that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Individual parts alone cannot conclude to be as great or effective as the whole entirely. This is important to recognize because a better understanding of why and how the world is viewed as a whole picture can be related to real world instances. Such as in motion pictures and in flipbooks, which helps to differentiate between perceiving apparent motion and actual, real motion. For instance, we involuntarily blink our eyes everyday, and although this is an action of real motion, apparent motion plays its part by filling in the blanks of blackness or darkness when blinking occurs. Furthermore, the theory then can translate to: the whole experience of sensation and perception is greater than the sum of individual parts of sensation and perception. The theories of Gestalt help to explain extraordinary circumstances and phenomena’s of perception that are experienced in life, whether that may be visual or auditory illusions as well. In particular,  apparent motion is a more specific area of study in Gestalt theory which touches upon this psychological and perceptual experience. Apparent motion previously studied suggests that it â€Å"may result when stationary stimuli are presented sequentially to different retinal locations. Apparent motion is inferred from information about change in position. (Green, 1983).†The successive presentation elicits an impression of motion (Sato, 1989).† â€Å"The perception of motion depends on the integration of visual information over space and time.(Snowden, 1990).† This information subsequently leads to the research question to pursue of: does speed effect the quality of apparent motion perceived in a flipbook? It may seem like a simple question to ask, but also factoring in a questionnaire, participant feelings, two flipbooks of with two speed settings of slow and fast, and different colored pages can lead to possible, unsuspecting findings about the phenomena of apparent motion; which has mostly been individually considered in previous studies. There has been many studies on dot patterns, biological factors, vision, sound perception, and real motion in relation to apparent motion. So, this experiment is quite different than the usual, although it may be as simple as using a flipbook and participants. However, previous studies helped strengthen the answers of the research question and hypothesis. Therefore, supporting studies reported by Gepshstein and Kubovy (2007) suggest that: for every speed, there â€Å"exists a condition for which contrast sensitivity is maximal.† They also found results that determined speed concludes the regime of motion; which can strengthen the hypothesis of speed effecting apparent motion being perceived. Method Participants. Seven participants from Connecticut participated in an independent research project concerning a class of psychological sensation and perception. There were four males and three females who had normal to corrected vision. Participants ranged from 21 to 52 years of age. Materials. Two hand drawn flipbooks were created by using bamboo paper and binder clips. A Likert rating scale was used as the method of answering questions. Design and Analysis. The experiment was a 2 (sequence: flipbook A and flipbook B or flipbook B and flipbook A) X 2(speed: fast or slow) design with four questions manipulated between subjects. There were two  independent variables in this study, which were the flipbooks and the questions. The flipbooks had two levels of fast and slow; the fast flipbook (A) consisted of all the same colored paper and an image of a ball in different locations on the ascending pages. The slow flipbook (B) had different colored pages of paper on every other page, on every other page there was not any image drawn on it. This flipbook had a drawing of a stick figure walking and bumping into a wall. The dependent variable was the effect of speed quality through the obtained scores from participants from the questionnaire. Since there were not many participants available for this experiment, it was necessary to counterbalance the conditions. The first participant seen the fast flipbook first, then took the Likert scale questionnaire; secondly, the slow flipbook was shown to the first participant afterwards and then answering the questionnaire. The second participant was shown the slow flipbook first, then took the questionnaire, following that the fast flipbook was shown second and then the questionnaire was answered. The questionnaire was made up of four questions. This would continuously go on from participant to participant until the last, seventh participant. From these factors, a two-way, within-subjects ANOVA of within-subjects was the design Procedure Participants were seated at a table and were informed that they would be participating in an experiment and to answer all questions honestly. Then, the first flipbook was presented to the participant by the experimenter whom operated both of the flip books which accurately set the speeds. This happened continuously until the last participant. There were two trials of this experiment, which consisted of showing a fast flipbook (A) and slow flipbook (B). Upon completion of watching each flipbook, participants were questioned about their experience by using the Likert Scale rating. The responses were collected and recorded in Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS 20. The experiment lasted about 35 minutes. Results The main effect of flipbook responses for flipbook A (fast) had a mean of M=3.36. The responses for flipbook B (slow) had a mean of M=2.14 (see table 1 and figure 1). A two-way, within-subjects ANOVA illustrated that the  difference between the mean of flip book A and flipbook B was statistically significant; F(1,6)=12.892, p0.05. The error bars represent the standard error of means (SEM) and flipbook A SEM=0.31 and flipbook B SEM=0.51.The main effect of flipbook was significant due to speed manipulation. Flipbook A had the highest score of the two, which made it the fastest and flipbook B the slowest. The main effect of questions (see table 2 and figure 2) response for question 1 had a mean of M=2.43. Question 2 had a mean of M=2.57, question 3 had a mean of M=2.07, and question 4 had a mean of M=3.93. Based on a two-way, within-subjects ANOVA, the results showed the questions were a statistically significant factor of the experiment; F(3,18)=3.627, p0.05. However, the questions as well differed irrespective of speed quality (Q4A/B). This showed the differences among the four question conditions were impactful in determining other factors such as animation realness (Q1A/B), enjoyment (Q2A/B), and smoothness (Q3A/B). | Table 2: main effect of questions| | | | Q1 Mean| Q2 Mean| Q3 Mean| Q4 Mean| Mean| 2.43| 2.57| 2.07| 3.93| SD| 2.31| 1.87| 2.27| 2.13| SEM| 0.62| 0.50| 0.61| 0.57| The interaction effect between the flipbooks (shown in figure below) and the questions showed that in flipbook A the mean values for the questions were as the following: Question 1 mean M=2.57, question 2 mean M=1.71, question 3 mean M=4.14, question 4 mean M=5.00. In flipbook B the mean values for are as follows: Question 1 mean M=2.29, question 2 mean M=3.43, question 3 mean M=0.00, and question 4 mean M=2.86. This shows that the interaction between the flipbooks and questions were highly significant and falls on a boundary as reported by the two-way, within-subjects ANOVA; F(3,18)=8.144, p=0.001. However, the questions differed irrespective of the speed. The questions received different scores, however not too different to make it insignificant. It had nothing to do with the speed manipulation; rather it showed the differences among the four question conditions were impactful in determining other factors such as realness (Q1A/B), enjoyment (Q2A/B), and smoothness (Q3A/B). Q1 asked about the realness of the animations and they were perceived as real regarding both. The scores show that flipbook A was a little more real than flipbook B by a 0.28 difference of interaction. Q2 asked about the enjoyment of the flipbook and showed that flipbook B was more enjoyable than flipbook A by a 1.72 difference of interaction. Q3 showed that flipbook A was most smooth than flipbook B, and that flipbook B had no perceived smoothness. Q4 showed that speed mattered and affected the quality most in flipbook A, and flipbook B had the slowest speed of the two. The impact of experimental manipulation has shown to be significant between the two independent variables of flipbooks and questions. Discussion The hypothesis in question was to discover if speed affects the quality of apparent motion perceived in a flipbook through research and experimentation. Results indicate that the hypothesis was supported because speed did matter according to the findings. Gepshtein Kubovy (2007) indicated that motion was not always seen along the slower path. It was interesting to find out that the slower flipbook was determined to be most enjoyable in this experiment when interactions were looked at (see figure 3). In Gepshtein Kubovy’s study, they challenged Wallach’s previous study about low-speed assumption, which viewed low speed as prevailing when in competition with faster speeds. However, the results of their existing theory and experiments that challenged Wallach’s found that the ratio of two speeds were always less than unified. Which means motion was not always seen along the slower path. These results may be different because of altering procedures between the two studies, but the most current  research conducted by them indicates what is most rationale when deterring speed effectiveness. In flipbook B, every other page was a different color. The pages that had different colors also did not have any drawings or images on them This was a technique used to find out more through speed manipulation. In a previous study, Giaschi and Anstis (1989) reported that â€Å"apparent motion created by two spots illuminated in alternation looks faster when there is a dark temporal interval between the offset of one spot and the onset of the other than when spots are presented immediately after one another, even though the temporal frequency and spatial seperation spots are held constant.† This helped to support the added feature of flipbook B, which had alternating, darker colored pages. This can be a potential reason as to why the flipbook was most enjoyable than the fast flipbook A; this finding can be a contributing factor for the real world because it can often be assumed that if things move fast (er), then it is better or more enjoyable. On the contrary, it can be more desirable for things to be slowed down, even if by a few seconds, so to give an audience more time to process and comprehend what is happening. It can also aid in exposing people to pay more attention to detail and to be more particular in such a fast paced society. Although slow motion may often be seen as less effective, this does not mean it is less important. Gephstein Kubovy’s study contrasted with Wallach’s theory, but Wallach’s findings occurred between the 1930’s and 1970’s, so in more earlier and previous times his participants may have been more accustomed to slower occurrences; compared to the 21st century’s faster moving conditions. Although the hypothesis was supported by the findings and other scholarly studies, it can as well be assumed that the results could be better and stronger if there were not any major limitations of the experiment. Limitations such as not having a not having the desired facilities and equipment; for instance, in a laboratory designated only for participants or equipment such as MRI machines to factor in brain functioning and perception. It would have also been nice to have more time to conduct this study over months or even years. The use of mathematical equations and  theories might have been important. Being able to have a wide range of participants would be of importance so to look at education level, gender, race, and age to see if those factors bring about any disadvantages, advantages, patterns and/or similarities. Having multiple speeds would have been interesting to add into the experiment. Taking into consideration the amount of pages and certain colors which could effect perception further. Lastly, having considered the son and mother used in the experiment would be interesting to learn if there is some sort of similarities and/or differences between parents and their children. In the future these can be improved so to come across more findings, unsuspecting conditions and/or disregarding current information for a more updated viewpoint. The experiment may have been effected by error, such as by participant misunderstanding or misleading answers that may have been more desirable than another. It may have been an error to counterbalance conditions and control the experiment in that way by manipulating speed and sequence of the flipbooks. There was not much mathematics involved so there were no errors of numbers and data, but the procedure as mentioned potentially could have been. Cumulatively, Gestalt’s theory ties all of this information in to help better understand why we perceive the way we do and how we perceive this, as mentioned in the Introduction. When we see the world as one entire picture rather than one individual part, it assists in humans having an overall pleasurable experience when viewing, perceiving, and sensing the world. Apparent motion strengthens our abilities to think fast and fill in all of the blanks necessary to cumulatively understand any myriad of circumstances. As mentioned in the Introduction, blinking can fill in the blanks that our visual system processes in order to elude an illusionary, motion picture so to view the world as a whole, and not by just parts. This is a concept important to understand and cherish when applied to daily lives because it can help to be appreciative that we view the world so concisely and promptly, when in reality it is not as fast paced as assumed. Concerning flipbook B (slow), it could be advantageous to notice individual parts leading to better comprehension, when noticing entireties. All in all,  there are interrelated factors which tie speed, space, time, apparent motion, real motion, perception, and sensation into many theories of Gestalt. One without the other would not be as effective as when all used wholly. References 1. Gepshtein, S., Kubovy, M. (2007). The lawful perception of apparent motion. Journal of Vision, 7(8), 1-15. 2. Giaschi, D., Anstis, S. (1989). The less you see it, the faster it moves: Shortening the â€Å"on-time† speeds up apparent motion, Vision Research, Volume 29, Issue 3. 3. Green, Marc. Inhibition and facilitation of apparent motion by real motion, Vision Research, Volume 23, Issue 9, 1983, Pages 861-865. 4. Sato, Takao. Reversed apparent motion with random dot patterns, Vision Research, Volume 29, Issue 12, 1989, Pages 1749-1758, ISSN 0042-6989, 10.1016/0042-6989(89)90157-0. 5. Snowden, R. J., Braddick, O., J. (1990) Differences in the processing of short-range apparent motion at small and large displacements, Vision Research, 1211-1222. Volume 30, Issue 8.

Violent Femmes - Add it up :: Music

Violent Femmes - Add it up The disc player drones on as I recline peacefully on the pure white sands of my very own desert island. I am the only human being on this island. Ah, peace at last, but as the days turn into weeks and the weeks to months and the months to years I wonder; why have I not gone completely insane? Sentenced indefinitely to solitary confinement on my paradise prison. Yes, it has been a struggle to maintain my sanity, but I have one very special companion; the Violent Femmes album Add it up. Every time I listen to this album I am reminded of the last time I ever saw all my friends together; before we all went our separate ways in life. Park Rules for Your Safety: No Smoking No Radios or Music No Open-air Fires Do not take Shortcuts Watch for Bears Oh, what do we care of rules and regulations anyway. We were, after all, rebellious teenagers. We carefully stowed away radio, and cigarettes, and tightly tied our hiking boots. The four of us waved casually to the ranger as we began our ascent of the mountain. When we were out of earshot we stopped and emptied the smuggled goods from our backpacks. Unloading the radio we popped in Add it up from the Violent Femmes and continued on our journey. Not only did we play the music loud and probably scare every living organism in the forest stiff, but we also sang at the top of our lungs. People we passed on the trail smiled from ear to ear and some even laughed at our antics, but we didn’t care. Then we came to a shortcut along the trail. Should we take it? Of course, we were rebels. Against the advice of the experts, we got off the beaten track and made our own path through the forest. We were careful to keep out of sight when entering and exiting our newly blazed trail, not becaus e we feared getting caught, but because we wanted out own sovereign experience: to be shared with and had by no one else. Finally reaching the top was the greatest feat we could have ever accomplished. Being at the top of the mountain was like standing on top of the World. Looking down over the surrounding farmland and towns one could really appreciate the wonder that is Nature. The World below so tiny one could pick it up and make it snow by shaking it, just like one of those snow globes. Violent Femmes - Add it up :: Music Violent Femmes - Add it up The disc player drones on as I recline peacefully on the pure white sands of my very own desert island. I am the only human being on this island. Ah, peace at last, but as the days turn into weeks and the weeks to months and the months to years I wonder; why have I not gone completely insane? Sentenced indefinitely to solitary confinement on my paradise prison. Yes, it has been a struggle to maintain my sanity, but I have one very special companion; the Violent Femmes album Add it up. Every time I listen to this album I am reminded of the last time I ever saw all my friends together; before we all went our separate ways in life. Park Rules for Your Safety: No Smoking No Radios or Music No Open-air Fires Do not take Shortcuts Watch for Bears Oh, what do we care of rules and regulations anyway. We were, after all, rebellious teenagers. We carefully stowed away radio, and cigarettes, and tightly tied our hiking boots. The four of us waved casually to the ranger as we began our ascent of the mountain. When we were out of earshot we stopped and emptied the smuggled goods from our backpacks. Unloading the radio we popped in Add it up from the Violent Femmes and continued on our journey. Not only did we play the music loud and probably scare every living organism in the forest stiff, but we also sang at the top of our lungs. People we passed on the trail smiled from ear to ear and some even laughed at our antics, but we didn’t care. Then we came to a shortcut along the trail. Should we take it? Of course, we were rebels. Against the advice of the experts, we got off the beaten track and made our own path through the forest. We were careful to keep out of sight when entering and exiting our newly blazed trail, not becaus e we feared getting caught, but because we wanted out own sovereign experience: to be shared with and had by no one else. Finally reaching the top was the greatest feat we could have ever accomplished. Being at the top of the mountain was like standing on top of the World. Looking down over the surrounding farmland and towns one could really appreciate the wonder that is Nature. The World below so tiny one could pick it up and make it snow by shaking it, just like one of those snow globes.

Critical Analysis Of “Enduring Love” Essay

In â€Å"Enduring Love†, McEwan again creates a family that confronts a challenge and finds it difficult to survive. Joe and Clarissa are intellectuals living together in a well-appointed flat in a comfortable neighborhood in London. Clarissa is a professor researching Keats, and Joe is a well-known science writer with a doctorate in quantum electrodynamics who is somewhat dissatisfied with his decision to leave academia behind. Through the story utilizing the characters of Joe and Clarissa, McEwan articulates the idea humans are emotionally and intellectually evolved and are therefore less fit for survival than animals. Joe and Clarissa have figured out how to retain their individual identities within the relationship, so that they do not feel guilty that they lead separate lives, and do not become parasitic when they are together. Joe and Clarissa are aware of their individuality, and ultimately their relationship entails a defense against enmeshment, a protection of self against the encroachment of others, as a primary motivating factor. In the end it is their insistence on â€Å"me† over â€Å"us† that renders their connection vulnerable to withstand the challenge of obsession and madness from an outside source. In the novel’s celebrated opening scene, when Joe and Clarissa witness a hot air balloon in distress, Joe attempts, with several other men, to rescue the terrified boy inside the basket by pulling the balloon back to earth. The experience is undeniably traumatic. Joe’s guilt at letting go is overwhelming, and the sight of the dead body haunts him. Back at home, Joe and Clarissa comfort and support each other, cooperating in each other’s recovery by talking through the event and their feelings, and trying to work together to make meaning of it. McEwan is careful to show that their initial reaction to the trauma appears to reinforce the solidity of their relationship. It is an appropriate, mutual, and affiliative response. Clarissa recognizes Joe’s feelings and tries to help him: â€Å"‘ We’ve seen something terrible together. It won’t go away, and we have to help each other. And that means we’ll have to love each other even harder'† (McEwan 36). Moreover, Joe appreciates Clarissa’s efforts and feels delivered from his trauma by the physicality of her love: â€Å"she put her arms around my neck and brought my face close to hers. She knew I was a fool for this kind of encirclement. It made me feel that I belonged, that I was rooted and blessed† (McEwan 37). But for the reader, the event’s revelation of Joe and Clarissa’s relationship resonates on another level as well. Joe’s reflections on the nature of the cooperative effort enacted by the group of men can equally be applied to his relationship with Clarissa. He is remarkably aware, both during and after the event, of the extent to which human interaction is governed by a weighing of benefits, a balancing of pros and cons: â€Å"Selfishness†¦ is our mammalian conflict: what to give to the others and what to keep for yourself. Treading that line, keeping the others in check and being kept in check by them, is what we call morality† (McEwan 15). And, in the end, it is this constant hedging, this instinct to protect the self at the expense of risking connection with others, McEwan says, that dooms both the rescue and the relationship: â€Å"Someone said me, and then there was nothing to be gained by saying us†¦ Suddenly†¦ we were disintegrating. Suddenly the sensible choice was to look out for yourself (McEwan 15). In a sense, the extent to which Joe and Clarissa’s relationship is more of a compromise than a connection finds its expression in Joe’s astute observation about the men: â€Å"There may have been a vague communality of purpose, but we were never a team† (McEwan 11). With the metaphor of the balloon accident, McEwan implies the necessity for Joe and Clarissa to face the same choice as the rescuers – to let go and survive, or die. The audience is aware from the start of â€Å"Enduring Love† that the veneer of togetherness in this family belies a strong undercurrent of disconnection. To begin with, the reunion picnic is necessitated by the couple’s six week separation while Clarissa has pursued her own research abroad, leaving Joe home alone. Perhaps even more of a signal to the reader, however, is McEwan’s refusal to clarify the exact nature of Joe and Clarissa’s relationship. As the narrator, Joe describes his relationship with Clarissa as one of marriage: â€Å"We were seven years into a childless marriage of love† (McEwan 8). But then he refers to Clarissa not as his wife, but as his friend: ‘†Look, I’m sorry, I’m going back up to see my friend'† (28). Later, when he is talking to the widow of the balloon accident hero, he says it again: â€Å"I shook my head. There was my friend Clarissa, two farm laborers, a man called –â€Å"‘ (McEwan 122). It is significant that McEwan will not allow the consistent use of the word ‘wife’, even for the sake of convenience, and his refusal to do so comments on this couple’s lack of a formal commitment to connection. From the critical perspective and comparing to humans to animals in terms of the organizational system, Joe and Clarissa have learned to mediate conflict by focusing on the defects and failings of the partner. In a sense, McEwan implies, Joe and Clarissa’s relationship has always been about competition. In particular, Joe’s decision to give up â€Å"real science† for popular science puts him at a disadvantage with Clarissa, a promising scholar with a place at a university, who has a famous scientist as a Godfather. Moreover, their relationship is illuminated by the conflicts inherent in their chosen fields-the objectivity of science and the subjectivity of the humanities. Despite their mutual instincts for connection, and their evident love for each other, Joe and Clarissa have not, as a family, internalized a regulating dynamic by which the closure of their family can be defined and maintained. Unlike animals, Joe and Clarissa as humans are complex and evolved human beings that are reliant on comfort and habit rather than intimate dedication to each other, as evidenced by their readiness to turn the tension of the event onto their relationship rather than absorbing it together. As such they are less fir fit survival in a broad context and are vulnerable to inside and outside threats to their integrity. WORKS CITED McEwan, Ian. Enduring Love. New York: Anchor Books, 1999.

Personal Revision Strategy Essay

My personal strategy for revising a piece of writing involves reading through the entire paper to ensure that it conveys the intended meaning. It is important to wait a while after writing the first draft before taking another thorough look at it. Specific emphasis should be placed on the thesis of the paper to ensure that the argument of the paper is strictly adhered to. After this, I examine the manner in which the paragraphs flow into one another and I arrange them in the appropriate order. For example, a typical essay is arranged by putting the introduction at the beginning, followed by body, before the final part of the paper known as the conclusion. Every paragraph in the paper should also have a link to the thesis of the paper. It is necessary to ensure that the opening argument of the paper is explained in the first line of each paragraph to ensure that there’s sufficient clarity and consistency throughout the document. After checking for proper paragraph transition, the next thing I do is check for typographical errors. This ensures that punctuation marks like commas and semi-colons are used appropriately. Tools such as the Grammar Check, Spell Check and the Dictionary also come in handy during the revision process (Zinsser, 2001). When the aforementioned steps have been concluded, I format the whole document to suit the required audience. For example, academic writings are presented in a format that’s entirely different from presentations. The next step involves sending the paper in for peer review. Peer review is very critical to producing a good paper because it gives the writer a chance to receive feedback and constructive criticism on the document before the final submission (Hairston & Friend, 2002). Other areas of importance that need to be examined during the revision process include the balance of the paper, tone and formality of the language used, accuracy of facts outlined, references and the general writing style (Elbow, 1998). References Elbow, P. (1998). Writing With Power . New York: Oxford UP. Hairston, M. R. , & Friend, C. (2002). How do you Revise, Edit, and Proofread? New York:: Longman. Zinsser, W. (2001). On Writing Well. New York: HarperCollins .

Hippo Words

Hippo Words Hippo Words Hippo Words By Maeve Maddox A reader writes: My office mates call me a hippocrite. When I found this misspelling on a chat site, I started wondering if there might be a connection between hypocrite and the hippo words n English. The prefix hypo is from Greek and means under. In most English words its pronounced with a long i as in hypodermic. The pronunciation of hypocrite is an exception. hypodermic: hypo + derma (skin) a needle that goes under the skin. hypothermic: hypo + therme (heat) body temperature under normal. hypoglycemia: hypo + glykis (sweet) + haima (blood) sugar in the blood under normal hypotenuse: hypo + teinein (to stretch the right angle stretches under Things start getting complicated with the under connection when we get to hypochondria and hypocrisy. In Late Latin hypochondria meant the abdomen, hypo+chondros cartilage of the breastbone. In the 17th century hypochondria came to mean depression or melancholy illness without cause. This usage reflected an ancient belief that melancholy originated in the hypchondria. Then, in the 19th century, hypochondria acquired its present meaning of any illness without a specific cause. hypocrisy: the crisy part of this word derives from a Greek word that meant to sift, to differentiate. The sense of sift evolved from to separate gradually to to answer and then to answer a fellow actor on the stage. From there it came to mean acting on the stage. Everyone knows that acting is pretending. Hypocrisy is pretending to be one kind of person when in fact youre another kind. A hypocrite is a pretender. The prefix hippo is from the Greek word for horse. hippopotamus: hippo + potamus, river river horse hippodrome: hippo + dromos, course a place to race horses The word hippogriff combines hippo with griffin. A griffin is a fabulous animal typically having head, forepart, and wings like those of an eagle but with visible usually erect ears, forelegs like the legs of an eagle, and body, hind legs, and tail like those of a lion. A hippogriff is a griffin with the hindquarters of a horse. Some other Hippos Augustine of Hippo: early Christian Father. He was bishop of Hippo in Algeria. The city there now is called Annaba. Hippocrates: the father of medicine, author of the Hippocratic Oath for doctors. picture of a griffin picture of a hippogriff text of the ancient Hippocratic Oath Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Exquisite Adjectives15 Types of DocumentsA Yes-and-No Answer About Hyphenating Phrases

Customs Regulations for Bringing Tobacco Into Canada

Customs Regulations for Bringing Tobacco Into Canada When returning to Canada, residents are generally given a personal exemption on goods they bring back with them from another country. But when it comes to tobacco products such as cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos, tobacco sticks and loose tobacco, this general exemption does not apply. However, Canadian residents and temporary residents of Canada returning from a trip outside Canada, as well as former Canadian residents returning to live in Canada, are allowed to bring a limited amount of these tobacco products into the country without having to pay duty or taxes under certain circumstances. When considering your return to Canada, remember that this duty-free allowance applies only if the tobacco accompanies you, and you have been outside Canada for more than 48 hours. Duty-Free Allowance When Returning With Tobacco A special duty will apply to cigarettes, tobacco sticks or manufactured tobacco unless the products  are marked DUTY  PAID CANADA DROIT ACQUITTÉ. Tobacco products sold at duty-free shops are marked this way. When returning to Canada with tobacco, these products are considered in units. Each bulleted item is considered one unit, and residents can return with  all of the following units: 200 cigarettes50 cigars or cigarillos200 grams (7 ounces) of manufactured tobacco200 tobacco sticks Bringing More or Other Tobacco Products Into Canada You may bring in more than the personal allowances of tobacco listed above as long as you pay full duties, taxes, and provincial or territorial fees on the extra. Canadian-made products marked DUTY PAID CANADA DROIT ACQUITTÉ are taken into account when customs officials calculate what you must pay. You can also bring unmarked tobacco products into Canada, and they will be assessed a special duty rate and taxes. Your personal duty-free allowance does not count for these unmarked tobacco products, and the limit for this tobacco is five total units from the bulleted list above.​   Tips for Clearing Customs With Tobacco To speed things up and simplify your return, have your tobacco products available for inspection when you arrive at the border.Be sure to declare all tobacco on a CBSA Declaration Card.Only residents 18 years or older can bring any tobacco back to Canada.Contact the  Canada Borders Services Agency  with any additional questions.

Marriage in Indian culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marriage in Indian culture - Essay Example 1. First detail of support for A: â€Å"among the educated classes, arrangements are made by parents and/or relatives for couples to photographs exchanged† (countrystudies) for couples to have an idea who they are going to marry. b. Further detail of 1: They can also meet where there are other people or groups around especially relatives â€Å"such as going out for tea with a group of people or meeting in the parlor of the girls home, with her relatives standing by† (countrystudies). 2. Second detail for B: Because of its importance in Hindu faith, preparations are made early and it follows that most girls are married before and almost all girls married before the age of 16 while most boys are married before the age of 22 (Gupta 146). C. Supporting information for third main point: Unlike in Hindu belief that a child is unholy and incomplete until he or she is married, Muslims in India believe that it is a parent’s duty to have their daughters happily married and believed that they are incomplete if were able to do so (Ahmad 53). a. Further detail of 1: This is founded on the belief of the Sunna that the female is viewed as a Par Gaheri, a woman who was born to look after her husband’s household. The burden of obligation here is on the parent (Ahmad 53). c. Further detail of 1: But unlike the Hindu’s where the arranged marriage happens during infancy, it is different among the Muslims where the couples are already grown up where the groom has to become marketable to be acceptable to the bride. II. (Connect to larger context, refer back to introduction, or connect to audience): The practice may not be acceptable in most parts of the world but it has actually held India’s society together for